o6pa30M, nOMllMO J.\peaHeaHrJJHHCKOii '!aCTH, OHa COJ.\eplKllT
TaKJKe pa3).{eJJhl, OTHOCllll{llCCll K Kypcy B L{eJJOM, KaK, Hanp11Mep:
«AHrJJllHCKllH ll3b!K II ero MeCTO B repMaHCKOH rpynne ll3b!KOB»;
«ITepl!0).1113al{llSI
npesHeaHr JIHHC KOH lJaCTH, OH a conepll> COBCeM He 0.llHO H TO iKe.
0cHOBH3H OUIH6Ka COCCIOpHaHCTBa, BfCJIIOY3H cospeMeHHblH 6yp)!{ya3Hbiti 3arra;LHoesponeilcKHH CTPYKTypaJIH3M,
B 3'f0M sonpoce COCTOHT B TOM, YTO .ll Ha x p 0 H H 5I pacCMaTpttsaeTCH !{31{ o6JiaCTb e .ll H H H y H bl x
5IBJICHHH, a
5
H3blK KaK c H c Te Ma H3y4aeTCH JJHWb B cR:aIOmy10
.uetiCTBHTeJibHble
CBH3H
Me:>R:;:i:y OT;:i:eJibHblMH 4aCTHMH H rrpaBHJibHO pa3JIH4aIOlllYIO
cymecTBeHHoe 11 HecymecTBeHHoe •
.UaJiee, ecJIH ncTopHH cpaBHHBaeMbIX H3bIKOB ycTaHasJJHBaeTCH Ha OCHOBe 113y4eHHH IIHCbMeHHbIX rraMHTHHKOB,
Heo6xo;:i:HMO orrpe;:i:eJIHTb 3BY4aHHe, a Hepe;:i:KO H CMblCJIOBOe 3Ha4eHHe Toro, 4TO HMeeTCH B 3THX rraMHTHHKaX.
Ha.lI.o seer ;:i:a rrOMHHTb, 4TO H3bJKOBbie rraMHTHHKH caMH rro
ce6e He HB.'JHIOTCH KaKHMH-JIH6o OTpeaKaMH pe4H Ha )l,3HHOM H3b!Ke: OHH rrpe;:i:cTaBJIHIOT co6oii
6yeTc5l rrpHMeHeHHe crreuHaJibHbIX MeTO.lI.OB B 0 cc Ta H 0 B JI e H H H pe4H no ee wpncfJTOBOH aarrHCH, TaK KaK ,n:peBHIO!O
pe4b HeJib3H ua6.1IO;:i:aTb Herrocpe;:i:CTBeHHO H HaIIHCaHHOe
HeJib3H corrocTaBHTb c ee peaJJbHbIM sBytJaHHeM. TyT petJh
MO:>R:eT H.lI.TH KaK 06 orrpe;:i:eJJeHHH l!TeHHH OT)J:eJibHb!X 6yKB
11
06
ycTaHOBJieHHH
attal!eHHH
oT;:i:eJibHhrx CJIOB, TaK 11 o
IIOJJHOH ;:i:er1111cppOBKe BCei:\ COBOKYIIHOCTH HMeIOIUHXCH aarrHceii, B CB513H c 'leM MO)!{HO BbJJJ:e,lJHTb pa3JIHlJHbie MeT0,11,bl.
9
TaK KaK HCTOpHH H3bIKa TecHo CBH3aHa c HCTOpHeii
Hapo.ua, KOTOpoMy rrpHH3,UJie)f{HT 3TOT H3b!K, TO cpaBHHTeJibHO-HCTOpH'feC1Ke-
HHH, B 4BCTHOCTH xapaKTepHbie H JVIII .n.peaHeaHrJIHiiCKHX
ll03TH'leCKHX npOH3Be.n.eHHH. Ba)!{HeiiIIIHMH H3 3THX rrpHH·
UHITOB .fIBJI51IOTCI!: I) IIOCTpOeHHe pHTMa Ha OCHOBe y JI. ap e H H 51 H 2) 06be.U.HHeH11e CTHXa TaK Ha3bIBaeMOH a JI JI HT e p a !..( H e H (CM. HH)f{e). 06a 3TH rrpHHL(HIIa CBH3BHhl
c TeM, lJTO B .n.pesHerepMaHCKHX ll3bIKax 6b!JIO CHJlhHOe
3Kcrr11paropHoe y ,n:apeHHe, o6hI4HO BhI.ll.eJIRBlliee rrepBbIH
CJIOf CJIOBa HJJH, no KpaiiHeii Mepe, nepBblH CJIOr ero ocHOBHOH YaCTH (T. e. nepBbIH CJIOr, CJie,n:yIOlll.HH 3a np11CTa BKOH' cp. § 32).
§ 17. Y .LI. a p e H H e. Hatt6onee THIIHYHhIH JipeeHere pMaHCKHH CTHX (noJIHblH, HJIH u:eJiblH, CTHX) co.u.ep)!{HT 4 r Jl3B·
HblX y .n:apeHHH ('), KOTOphle pacrrpe.n:eJIHIOTCH nopOBHY
Me)!{JIY J!BYMH IlOJIYCTHX3MH, pa3JieJieHHblMH u:e3ypoii:
,
,
,
,
'----.----·-....,,-.' '----.---·
1-hrfi
ue-
IlOJIYCTHX
3Jpa
2-oii
llOJIJCTHX
TaKHM o6pa30M, Ha Ka)!{J!hIH rronycTHX npHXOJ!HTCH no
2 r JJaBHOY JiapHhIX cnora 1 • Yttcno )!{e 6e3y JI3pHwx cnoros
MO)!{eT 3Ha4ttTeJihHO BapbttpoBaTbCH. CToMHMO r JiaBHhIX
y ,n:apeHHH B pHTMe CTHXa H3eeCTHYIO pOJib HrpaIOT H BTO·
pocTerreHHhie y .n:apeHHH ( • ). 4epe.n.oBaHHe r JiaBHoy JI.apHbIX,
BTOpOcTerreHHOYJiapHblX H 6e3y Jia pHblX CJIOfOB B OT JieJib·
HblX CTHXax O)lHOro H Toro )!{e npott3Be.n:eHHH MO)!{eT 6bJTh
OYeHb pa3JIHYHblM, 4TO C03JiaeT CBOeo6pa3HblH TIOJ!BH)!{Hblil
pHTM co MHOfHMH eapHaU:HHMH OCHOBHblX THIIOB.
2
CMoTpHTe CJieJiyIOlll.HH npHMep H3 Eeosyllbifja :
.
"Beowulf
maoalode,
"Ne s6r;sa, sn6tor ;suma!
pcet he his
f reond
wrece,
.
'
bearn Ec;speowes:
Selre
bio
re;shwrem,
ponne he fela murne; ..• "
L Hepe.nKo CTHXOM, a HMeHHO - «KpatKHM CTHXOM>l (KpatKOii CtpO·
Kofi), H33bIBaerc11 KalKawii OtJleJJbHbiii JlByxynapttb!ii nonyc1Hx. B ta·
KOM CJ1y4ae DeCb 4etb!pexyaapHbIH CTHX npeJlCT3BJl51eT co6oi\ napy
(Kp3TKHX) CTHXOB HJIH «JlOJlfHH CTHX)).
• Qe3ypa o6o3Ha4etta npo6eJJoM. B1opoc1eneHHble yaapeHHR 060·
3Ha4ettw JJHIIJb taM, r .ne OHH cymecreetttto tteo6xo.n11111w.
34
_Beoay JI hep MOJIBHJI,
OTnphICK 3rhTeOBa:
- He nel!aJihCH, pa3yMHhIH My)!{!
Jly4rne Ka>KJl.OMY,
4T06hl OH 3a caoero .n:pyra OTOYeM (oH) Mf!Oro roMCTHJI,
peaaJI 6bI. ....
(6eoayJihcp, 1383)
CpaBHHTe TaK)!{e npnMepbI H3 .n:pyrnx .n:peaHerepMaHCKHX Il03TH4eCKHX rrpOH3BeAeHHH:
Fell h~r i m6rgon
gurtun sih iro suert ana
do sie to dero hfltiu ritun .
OITOHC3JIHCb CBOHMH Me4aMH
Kor .n::i. OHH a TY 6HTBY exaJJH •.
(XHJJbAf'6paHT, 5)
KpoMe Toro, AJJH pttTMa 11MeJia H3BeCTHoe 3Ha4eHtte H
Jl.JlliTeJihHOCTh (Jl.OJJrOTa HJIH KpaTKOCTb) CJIOrOB: AOJJrHe
CJIOrtt BbICTynaJJH B CTHXe B Kal!eCTBe rJiaBHoy.n:apHblX
soo6me 6oJiee cao6o.n:Ho, l!eM 1ledi3,
oppe; - swioe, wyroi3, c}·ode " T. ,ZJ.
13/ 14.
15.5yKBa s o603HalJaeT 1) fJIYXOH 3BYK[s]tt2)
COOTBeTCTBY!OlUHH 3 B 0 H K H H [ z]. I1epsoe H3 3THX 3Ha 4eHHH 6yKBa s HMeeT BO scex TeX CJiytJaHX, B HOTOpb!X
6yKBbl f, CJ,
o6o3HaYa!OT rJJyxtte 3BJKH (cM. Bblllle,
n. 12), HO s, KpoMe Toro, npe.ncTaBJIHeT co6oii r JI y x o i1
3BYK TaK)l{e H no c JI e 3 Bo HK H x co r JI a c H bl x. CJie.n.o·
BaTeJibHO, B 3BYKOBOM 3Ha4eHH:H [ z 6y1Ke wiersa xyJ1Ce
wie~sa]; -(2) iJa. wesan 6b/,nlb [ wezan], lysde omnycmu.11.
l
tyzde].
16.
ByKsa w o6o3Ha'laeT ry6Ho-ry6Hoii noJJyrJJaCHbIH
[wJ (nO)l.06HO TOMJ, KaK H B cospeMeHHOM aHrJJHHCKOM
j13b1Ke): Cp. iJa. wees 6bt.!l [wees], hweet 1UnO [xweet], 3e-
sewen euiJeH Hbtu [jesewen].
n pH Me
a H He: B JlpestteiirnHX naMSITHHKaX O'leHb '13CTO
tta6JllOD.J!OTCll 3HJ'lHTeJJbHhle OTJJH'JHJ! OT Il03)1Heiirneii rpaJIHUHH
ll npHMeHeHHll 6yKB. BallrneHlliHMH. H3 T3KHX OTJIH'lHH SIBllSllOTCH:
1) ynorpe611eutte 6yKBbl u (HllH JJ.Boiiuoro uu) JlllH 060Jtta'!eH1rn
3ByKa [w]: cp. uard =ward cmopo:HC> 2) ynorpe6.1ett11e b Jll!SI
tt3o6palKeHHll 3ByKa [ti]: cp. obaer, nOJlKe of er, 1-1aa, , -eo uiazaern; 3idanc, n03lKe 3e1>anc, 3eoanc 3aMb1ce11.
11ttor)la srtt apxaH'!Hhle cnoco6h! o6o3tta'!eH11ll 3BYKOB (oco6e11Ho
nepe)la'la w '!epe3 u) scrpe'!at0rcsi 11 s 6011ee Il03JIHHX reKcrax •
lj
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