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ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ɇ.

ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ
ɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊɈȼ

(ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ)

ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
2021

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ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ɇ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ. ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. —
Ɇ. ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2021. — 356 ɫ.

ISBN 978-5-91359-404-4
ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ OWEN,
ONI ɢ Siemens LOGO! Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ
Multisim, Logo! Soft Comfort, ONI PLR Studio, Owen Logic, Codesys.
ɉɪɢ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɨɫɬɚɪɚɥɫɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ «ɠɢɜɵɦɢ» ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦɢ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ONI
PLR-S-CPU-1206, Owen ɉɊ200 ɢ LOGO! ɲɟɫɬɨɣ ɢ ɜɨɫɶɦɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɣ.
Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ
ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɞɥɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ.
Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ȼɢɤɬɨɪ ɇɢɤɢɬɨɜɢɱ, ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ,
ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ.

ɉɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ:
ɈɈɈ «ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ»
Ɍɟɥ: (495) 617-39-64, (495) 617-39-65
E-mail: kniga@solon-press.ru, www.solon-press.ru

ISBN 978-5-91359-404-4

© ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2021
© ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ɇ., 2021

Ɉɝɥɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ ............................................................................................................. 6
ȽɅȺȼȺ 1. ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɕ ɌȿɈɊɂɂ ȺȼɌɈɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ
ɊȿȽɍɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə............................................................................................... 8
1.1. Ɍɢɩɨɜɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ...........................................8
1.2. Ɍɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɹ ......................................................................10
1.3. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɜ ɋȺɍ ............................................................................18
1.4. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɵ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ..................................................21
1.5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ SimInTech ...................................................26
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ .........................................................................34
ȽɅȺȼȺ 2. ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɕ ɐɂɎɊɈȼɈɃ ɌȿɏɇɂɄɂ ....................................... 37
2.1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɵ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ..............................................................37
2.2. Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɵ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ................................................................40
2.3. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ..............................................................42
2.4. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ.................................................52
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ .........................................................................57
ȽɅȺȼȺ 3. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɉɊɂɇɐɂɉɕ ɉɈɋɌɊɈȿɇɂə
ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɂɊɍȿɆɕɏ ɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊɈȼ .................. 59
3.1. Ɇɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ..................................................................................59
3.2. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ..............................................................61
3.3. ȼɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ .......................................................................63
3.4. ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɲɢɧɵ ....................................................................................68
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ .........................................................................71
ȽɅȺȼȺ 4. ɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊɕ SIEMENS LOGO! .............. 72
4.1. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ...................................................................................72
4.2. Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ LOGO! .................................................................................74
4.3. Ɇɨɞɭɥɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ .......................................................................................78
4.4. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ .......................................................................80
4.5. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ LOGO! Soft Comfort .........................................82
4.5.1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ................................................................................... 82
4.5.2. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ............................................................. 83
4.5.3. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ........................................ 88
4.5.4. Ɍɚɣɦɟɪɵ ................................................................................................ 93
4.5.5. ɋɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ ............................................................................................. 105
4.5.6. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ........................................................................ 109

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4.5.7. Ɍɟɤɫɬɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ. ............................................................................ 127
4.5.8. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ.......................... 132
4.5.9. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɜ LOGO! Soft Comfort ............ 140
ȽɅȺȼȺ 5. ɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊɕ ONI ..................................... 148
5.1. ɇɨɦɟɧɤɥɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ ONI ...............................................................148
5.2. Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ. ..................................................................................150
5.3. Ɇɢɤɪɨ ɉɅɄ ONI PLR-M ..............................................................................153
5.4. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɥɟ ONI PLR-S ...........................................................154
5.5. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ONI PLR Studio ...............................................158
5.5.1. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ........................................................... 158
5.5.2. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɜ ONI PLR Studio .................... 161
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ .......................................................................175
ȽɅȺȼȺ 6. ɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊɕ Ɉȼȿɇ ................................. 177
6.1. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ ...177
6.2. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ (ɉɅɊ) Ɉȼȿɇ.............................181
6.3. Ɇɨɧɬɚɠ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ .....................................................................184
6.4. ɋɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ OWEN LOGIC ..................................................187
6.4.1. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ........................................................... 187
6.4.2. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ .................................................................. 191
6.4.3. Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ...................................................................... 192
6.4.4. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɩɚɧɟɥɶɸ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ. .......................................................... 196
6.4.5. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ .................................................................. 198
6.4.6. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɜ OWEN Logic ........................ 199
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ .......................................................................210
ȽɅȺȼȺ 7. ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ Ɉȼȿɇ ȼ CODESYS ......................... 212
7.1. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ Codesys ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ...............................................................212
7.2. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ......................................................................212
7.3. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ. ............................................................................214
7.4. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ....................................................................................................217
7.5. Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ...............................................................218
7.5.1. əɡɵɤ ST ............................................................................................... 218
7.5.2. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ST ............................. 231
7.5.3. əɡɵɤ LD .............................................................................................. 243
7.5.4. əɡɵɤ CFC ............................................................................................ 254
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ .......................................................................270
ȽɅȺȼȺ 8. ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ
ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂə ................................................................................................... 272
8.1. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ .....................................272
8.2. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ....................................................................273

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8.3. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. .......................................................275
8.4. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ...............................................................278
ȽɅȺȼȺ 9. ɅȺȻɈɊȺɌɈɊɇɕȿ ɊȺȻɈɌɕ ....................................................... 279
9.1. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ Siemens LOGO! ..........................280
9.1.1. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ...................................................... 280
9.1.2. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ1 «Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɜ»..................... 284
9.1.3. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ2 «Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ» ...................................................................................................... 290
9.1.4. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ3 «Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ»............................... 296
9.1.5. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ4 «Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ» ........................................................................................... 299
9.1.6. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ5 «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ
ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɉ-, ɂ-, ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ» ........................................................ 304
9.1.7. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ6 «ɉɨɞɫɜɟɬɤɚ ɜɡɥɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ» ............. 309
9.2. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ ONI ..............................................321
9.2.1. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ7 «Ɇɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɣ
ɢɡɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶ» .................................................................................................. 321
9.2.2. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ8 «ɋɢɝɧɚɥ SOS» ........................................ 327
9.2.3. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ9 «ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɦɢ» .. 329
9.3. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ Ɉȼȿɇ...........................................333
9.3.1. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ10 «ɋɜɟɬɨɮɨɪ» .......................................... 333
9.3.2. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ11 «ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ» ..................... 337
9.3.3. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ12 «Ɉɯɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɫ ɂɄ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ» .......................................................................... 343
9.3.4. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ13 «Ɉɯɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɫ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ» .................... 347
9.3.5. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ14 «ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɭ
ɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ» ....................................................................................... 351
ɅɂɌȿɊȺɌɍɊȺ .................................................................................................... 355


5

ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ (ɉɅɄ) ɩɨɹɜɢɥɫɹ ɜ 1968
ɝɨɞɭ. ɗɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɝɪɨɦɨɡɞɤɨɟ ɢ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ. ɇɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 1972 ɝɨɞɚ, ɫ
ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɳɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɪɨɝɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ, ɪɵɧɨɤ ɉɅɄ ɧɚɱɚɥ
ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ. ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɉɅɄ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɢɲɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɦɟɧɭ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɦ ɫɯɟɦɚɦ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɯ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ.
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɉɅɄ ɨɬ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɉɅɄ
ɜɫɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɉɅɄ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ,
ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɬɢɪɚɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɜɜɨɞ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɸ ɢ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ. ɋ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɉɅɄ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɟɥ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɪɵɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɅɄ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ, ɜ
ɫɬɚɧɤɚɯ ɫ ɑɉɍ, ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɜ ɪɨɛɨɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ, ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ɗɬɨɬ
ɧɟɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɫɬɢ. Ⱦɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɤɭɞɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɬɶ,
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɉɅɄ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ.
ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ,
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ, ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. ȼ 1993
ɝɨɞɭ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ IEC (ɆɗɄ) 1131-3, (ɩɨɡɠɟ ɛɵɥ ɩɟɪɟɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧ ɜ IEC
61131-3) ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ IEC 61131-3 ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥ ɩɹɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ:
x ST (Structured Text) – ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ;
x SFC (Sequential Function Chart) – ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ;
x FBD (Function Block Diagram) – ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ;
x LD (Ladder Diagram) – ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ;
x IL (Instruction List) – ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ.
əɡɵɤɢ SFC, FBD, LD ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢ, ɹɡɵɤɢ IL ɢ ST ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢ. ɉɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ,
ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɥɨ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ
ɢ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ.
ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ,
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ ONI, OWEN ɢ Siemens LOGO! Ƚɥɚɜɵ

6

ʦ̛̖̖̦̖̏̔

1…3 ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɳɢɦ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ
ɩɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ FBD, ɢ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ. ȼ ɝɥɚɜɚɯ 4…7 ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɟɟɤ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ Siemens LOGO!, ONI, OWEN. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ LD, ST, FBD, CFC ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ LOGO! Soft Comfort, ONI PLR Studio, OWEN Logic,
CoDeSys. ȼ ɝɥɚɜɟ 8 ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ
ɤɨɬɬɟɞɠɚ. ȼ ɝɥɚɜɟ 9 ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ
«ɠɢɜɵɦɢ» ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚɦɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɟ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ.
ȼɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ, ɜɥɚɞɟɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ,
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Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɢɬ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɸ Ɉȼȿɇ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ
ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ.

7

ȽɅȺȼȺ 1. ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɕ ɌȿɈɊɂɂ
ȺȼɌɈɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɊȿȽɍɅɂɊɈȼȺɇɂə


1.1. Ɍɢɩɨɜɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ


ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɦɫɹ ɫ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ
ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɋȺɊ)
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.1.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.1. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɋȺɊ
ɈɊ – ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɟɱɶ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ, ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤɨɣɥɢɛɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ;
Ɋ – ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ;
ɂɆ – ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ (ɲɚɝɨɜɵɣ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ, ɫɟɥɶɫɢɧɵ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬ ɢ
ɞɪ.);
Ⱦ – ɞɚɬɱɢɤ (ɬɟɪɦɨɩɚɪɚ, ɬɟɪɦɨɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ, ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪ.);
SP (Set Process) – ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ;
PV (Process Value) – ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ;
ɟ = SP-PV – ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
I – ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ. Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɜɤɨɣ. ɉɪɢ
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɨɤɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɬɶɫɹ, ɬ.ɟ.
ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ.
Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɧɚɡɨɜɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɨɤɧɚ

8

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ (ɭɫɬɚɜɤɨɣ), ɢ ɜɵɞɚɟɬ
ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɪɟɨɫɬɚɬɨɦ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɟɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ, ɢ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɚ, ɨɬɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ. Ɍɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ – ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɚ ɜ
ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɚɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɭɥɸ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. Ɉɲɢɛɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ.
ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ – ɷɬɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.


݁ ൌ ܵܲ െ ܸܲ

(1.1)

ɉɭɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ 20°C, ɚ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 18°C, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ݁ ൌ ʹͲ െ ͳͺ ൌ ʹι‫ܥ‬. Ɉɲɢɛɤɚ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ɗɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ 22°C, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ݁ ൌ ʹͲ െ
ʹʹ ൌȂ ʹι‫ܥ‬
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ɗɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɯɨɞɨɦ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ, ɢ ɷɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ: ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɦɵɫɥ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɩɨ ɤɚɤɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɟɣɲɢɣ
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ.
ɉɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ – ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ. ɗɬɨ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.2. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɜɤɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ, ɨɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɜ
ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɢɤɟ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ, ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɩɢɥɨɬ (ɭ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɨɧ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɤɪɭɢɡ-ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ.
Ɍɨɝɞɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ, ɫɤɚɠɟɦ 100 ɤɦ/ɱ, ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ 105 ɤɦ/ɱ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɞɨ
95 ɤɦ/ɱ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ, ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 105 ɤɦ/ɱ,

9

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɞɨ 95 ɤɦ/ɱ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.2. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ. ȼ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɬɨɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ:
 ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɉ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ);
 ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ);
 ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (Ⱦ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ).
Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ
ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɉ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ. ɋɚɦɵɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɉɂȾɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɉ, ɂ, Ⱦ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ: Vissim, Matlab Simulink, ɉɄ ɆȼɌɍ, SimInTech. ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ
ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ SimInTech (Simulation In Technic),
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ [3]. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ,
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɉɄ ɆȼɌɍ.

1.2. Ɍɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɹ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɟɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ

10

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɗɬɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɚɤ
ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ.
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ,
ɱɟɦ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ,
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɚɬɱɢɤ, ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɢɡ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɟɫɥɢ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɟɟ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ
ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. Ȼɥɨɤɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɜɟɧɶɹɦɢ, ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ – ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɹ. ɍ
ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɋɜɹɡɶ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ
ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɡɜɟɧɶɹ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢ
ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɡɜɟɧɶɹɦɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɚ, ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ. ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɭ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɨɦ, ɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɢ
ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ – ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ. ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɚ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦɢ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ. Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɯ(t), ɚ
ɜɵɯɨɞɧɭɸ – y(t). ɋɭɬɶ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɦɟɧɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ
ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ x(t), y(t) ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ X(s),
Y(s), ɝɞɟ s – ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɚ (ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ‫ ݏ‬ൌ േ݉ േ ݅݊ሻ. ȼɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ
ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɨɦ
Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɚ
ஶ

ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ න ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ݁ ି௦௧ ݀‫ݐ‬
଴
ஶ

ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ න ‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ݁ ି௦௧ ݀‫ݐ‬
଴

x(t), y(t) – ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ-ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɵ;
X(s), Y(s) – ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ-ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ.
(ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɬɶ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɚ
ɛɭɤɜɨɣ p ɜɦɟɫɬɨ s).
ɉɪɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɨɜ ɤ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.1.

11

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.1.
Ɉɪɢɝɢɧɚɥ
ͳሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
݂ܽሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
݂ܽଵ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൅ ܾ݂ଶ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
݀
ሺ݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻሻ
݀‫ݐ‬
ଶ
݀
ሺ݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻሻ
݀‫ ݐ‬ଶ

ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ
ͳȀ‫ݏ‬
‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ܽ‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ܽ‫ܨ‬ଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൅ ܾ‫ܨ‬ଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
‫ܨݏ‬ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
‫ ݏ‬ଶ ‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ͳ
‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
‫ݏ‬
݁ ି௦ఛ ‫ܨ‬ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ

න ݂ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ݀‫ݐ‬
݂ሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ߬ሻ

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 1.1, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ
ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 1.1. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ:
݀ଶ ‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
݀‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
൅ ܽଵ
൅ ܽଶ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ݇‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
ܽ଴
݀‫ ݐ‬ଶ
݀‫ݐ‬
x(t) – ɜɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ;
y(t) – ɜɵɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ W(s) ɩɪɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
݇ ൌ ͳǢܽ଴ ൌ ͳǢܽଵ ൌ ͵Ǣܽଶ ൌ ʹ
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɤ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɚ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɦ
ሺܽ଴ ‫ ݏ‬ଶ ൅ ܽଵ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ܽଶ ሻܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ݇ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
݇
ͳ
ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ൌ
ൌ ଶ
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ
ଶ
ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ܽ଴ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ܽଵ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ܽଶ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͵‫ ݏ‬൅ ʹ
Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɚ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ, ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɩɪɨɳɟ. ɂ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɚ.
Ʉ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɦ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɜɟɧɶɹɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ:
 ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ (ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ);
 ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ (ɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ 1-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ);
 ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ;
 ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ;
 ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ (ɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ);

12

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

 ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ.
ɉɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ
ɜɢɞ
‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
k – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɡɚɩɢɲɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ൌ݇
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ
ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ɉɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ (ɛɟɡ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɢ) ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɸɳɟɟ
ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ. ɂɡ ɪɢɫ. 1.3 ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ (ɜɵɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ)
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɜɧɨɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ
ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ k.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.3. ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɢ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ
ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ (ɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ 1-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ) ɡɜɟɧɨ. Ⱥɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ
݀‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
൅ ‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
ܶ଴
݀‫ݐ‬
ܶ଴ – ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ;
݇– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ.
ɉɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɜ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ
ܶ଴ ‫ܻݏ‬ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൅ ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ݇ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ɉɟɪɟɩɢɲɟɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻሺܶ଴ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳሻ ൌ ݇ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ɨɬɫɸɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
݇
ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ൌ
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ
ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ܶ଴ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳ

13

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɋɢɫ. 1.4. ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɢ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ
Ʉɪɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.4. Ɉɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
ɫɨɛɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɬɭ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ,
ɪɚɜɧɨ k. Ʉɚɫɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɤ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɟɬ ɥɢɧɢɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ‫ ݐ‬ൌ ܶ଴ . Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ) ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɪɚɡɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɭɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ܶ଴ . ȼɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɦ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ
ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ, ɧɚɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ '. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ' ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 5 ɨɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɂɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ. Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ
݀‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
ܶ
ൌ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
݀‫ݐ‬
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ܶ‫ܻݏ‬ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ
ͳ
ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ൌ
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ
ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ܶ‫ݏ‬
Ʉɪɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.5

14

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɋɢɫ. 1.5. ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɢ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ
ɉɨ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Ɍ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ
ܶ ൌ ͳΤ‫ ߙ݃ݐ‬ൌ ܽ‫ߙ݃ݐܿݎ‬
ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ
ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
݇
ͳ
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ǡ
ˆˇˈ݇ ൌ
‫ݏ‬
ܶ
Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ. Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɟ ɧɚ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɣ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɚ
ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɸ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ
ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɦ, ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɢɬɶ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɚɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ
ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ
ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ, ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ
݀‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇
݀‫ݐ‬
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ
ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ݇‫ܺݏ‬ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ
ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ൌ ݇‫ݏ‬
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ
ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ɂɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɵɦ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ. Ɉɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ

15

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

݀‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
݀‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
൅ ‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇
݀‫ݐ‬
݀‫ݐ‬
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ܶ଴ ‫ܻݏ‬ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൅ ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ݇‫ܺݏ‬ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɡɜɟɧɨɦ.
݇‫ݏ‬
ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ൌ
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ
ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ܶ଴ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳ
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ,
ɷɬɨ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɢ ɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ.
Ʉɪɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.6
ܶ଴

Ɋɢɫ. 1.6. ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɢ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ
ɡɜɟɧɚ
Ʉɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ (ɚɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ) ɡɜɟɧɨ. Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ
݀ଶ ‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
݀‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
൅ ܶଶ
൅ ‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
ܶଵ
ଶ
݀‫ݐ‬
݀‫ݐ‬
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɢɲɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ܶଵ ‫ ݏ‬ଶ ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൅ ܶଶ ‫ܻݏ‬ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൅ ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ݇ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ɇɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɨɬɫɸɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ
݇
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ
ଶ
ܶଵ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ܶଶ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳ
Ɍɢɩɨɜɚɹ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.7

16

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɋɢɫ. 1.7. ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɢ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ
Ɂɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɫɟɛɟ ɬɪɭɛɭ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ
ɩɪɨɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɞɭɯ (ɪɢɫ. 1.8). ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ, ɚ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ Ⱥ.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.8. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ, ɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɪɟɦɹ
߬ ൌ ‫ܮ‬Τܸ , ɝɞɟ L – ɞɥɢɧɚ ɬɪɭɛɵ, V – ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɟ ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ߬.
Ɂɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɟɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɜɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ, ɧɟ
ɦɟɧɹɹ ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɵ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ ݐ‬൅ ߬ሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ ݐ‬െ ߬ሻ
ɬɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɬ ɜɢɞ
ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ݁ ି௦ఛ ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ

17

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ൌ ݁ ି௦ఛ
ܺሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
Ʉɪɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.9
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ

Ɋɢɫ. 1.9. ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɢ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɝɨɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ

1.3. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɜ ɋȺɍ
Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ
ɬɢɩɨɜɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ, ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɥɸɛɭɸ
ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɢ ɬɢɩɚ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ: ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ.
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.10.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.10. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ, ɡɚɩɢɲɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ


ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ

ܻଷ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ

ܺଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ

18

(1.2)

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́



ܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ

ܻଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ˋˎˋ ܻଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ܺଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ܺଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ

(1.3)



ܹଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ

ܻଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ˋˎˋ ܻଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ܻଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻܹଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ܻଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ

(1.4)



ܹଷ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ

ܻଷ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ˋˎˋ ܻଷ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ܻଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻܹଷ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ܻଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ

(1.5)

ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ (1.5), (1.4), (1.3) ɜ (1.2) ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ


ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ή ܹଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ή ܹଷ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ

(1.6)

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ
ɪɚɜɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ.
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɛɟɡ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 1.2. ɇɚɣɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ:
݇ଵ
݇ଶ
Ǣܹଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ

ܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ
ܶଵ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳ
ܶଶ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳ
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ
ɪɚɜɧɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ
݇ଶ
݇ଵ ݇ଶ
݇ଵ
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ή ܹଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ
ή
ൌ
ൌ
ܶଵ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳ ܶଶ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳ ሺܶଵ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳሻ ή ሺܶଶ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳሻ
݇ଵ ݇ଶ
ൌ
ଶ
ܶଵ ܶଶ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ሺܶଵ ൅ ܶଶ ሻ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳ
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ.
ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.1.11

Ɋɢɫ. 1.11. ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ


ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൅ ܹଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൅ ܹଷ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ

19

(1.7)

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.12.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.12. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ


ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ

ܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ

ͳ േ ܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻܹଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ

(1.8)


Ɂɧɚɤ (+) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɡɧɚɤ (–) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (1.8)
ɡɚɩɢɲɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ
ͳ േ ܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 1.3. Ɂɚɞɚɧɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɋȺɊ (ɪɢɫ. 1.13), ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɢɞ
݇ଶ
݇ଷ
ܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ݇ଵ Ǣܹଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ Ǣܹଷ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ
Ǣܹସ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ݇ସ
‫ݏ‬
ܶଷ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳ
ɇɚɣɬɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.13. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɋȺɊ
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ
ɜɢɞɟ
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ

ሺܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൅ ܹଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻሻ ή ܹଷ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ͳ ൅ ሺܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൅ ܹଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻሻ ή ܹଷ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ή ܹସ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ

20

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɫɸɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ൬݇ଵ ൅

݇ଶ
݇ଷ
݇ଶ
݇ଷ
൰ή൬
൰൘൬ͳ ൅ ൬݇ଵ ൅ ൰ ή ൬
൰ ή ݇ସ ൰
‫ݏ‬
ܶଷ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳ
‫ݏ‬
ܶଷ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ͳ

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ

݇ଵ ݇ଷ ‫ ݏ‬൅ ݇ଶ ݇ଷ
ܶଷ ‫ ݏ‬ଶ ൅ ሺ݇ଵ ݇ଷ ݇ସ ൅ ͳሻ‫ ݏ‬൅ ݇ଶ ݇ଷ ݇ସ

1.4. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɵ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɉ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɲɢɛɤɟ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ.


‫ܫ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇௉ ή ݁ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ

ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ

(1.9)

I(t) – ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ;
݇௉ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɉ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ);
݁ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ – ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
t – ɜɪɟɦɹ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.14 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɫɤɚɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ
(ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ) ɢ ɫɤɚɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ
ɉ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟ).

Ɋɢɫ. 1.14. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɉ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɂɡ ɪɢɫ.1.14 ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ «ɟ»,
ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɷɬɭ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɜ k ɪɚɡ, ɬ.ɟ.
ɩɪɢ ɫɤɚɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɫɤɚɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ, ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.15 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ.
ɑɟɪɟɡ ɜɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɬɪɭɛɭ ɜ ɛɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɚ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ

21

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

ɩɨɩɥɚɜɤɨɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɬɪɭɛɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ, ɬɨ ɩɨɩɥɚɜɨɤ
ɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ, ɡɚɞɜɢɠɤɚ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ, ɢ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɛɚɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɬɪɭɛɭ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɩɨɩɥɚɜɨɤ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ, ɚ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɤɚ
ɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɪɭɛɭ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɡɚɞɜɢɠɤɢ. Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɛɚɤɟ.
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ) ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɨɪɵ. ɋɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɨɪɵ ɩɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (1.9), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɚɜɟɧ ݇௣ ൌ ‫ܮ‬ଶ Τ‫ܮ‬ଵ

Ɋɢɫ. 1.15. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɉɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ
ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ. Ȼɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɑɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ. ɇɨ ɪɨɫɬ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ
ɢɬɨɝɟ, ɤ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ.
ɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɟ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ «e» ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ «t». ɂɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɬ.ɟ. ɭɱɟɫɬɶ
ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ)
௧
(1.10)

‫ܫ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇௜ ή න ݁ሺ߬ሻ݀߬
଴

݇ூ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ;
߬– ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ t).

22

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥ (ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶɤɚ), ɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɞɨ
ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.16 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.16. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ
ɟɝɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɭɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɨɲɢɛɤɭ, ɩɪɢɫɭɳɭɸ ɉ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɭ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɱɢɫɬɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɪɟɞɤɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ
ɧɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ. Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
݀݁ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
(1.11)


‫ܫ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇ௗ
݀‫ݐ‬
݇ௗ – ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ.
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɧɭɥɸ, ɷɬɨɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɧɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ, ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɟɦ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ Ⱦ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɢ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɨ
ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ Ⱦ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ, ɢ
ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɉ ɢ ɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ. Ɉɧ
ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɫɤɚɱɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.17. ɉɢ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ.

23

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɋɢɫ. 1.17. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
௧



‫ܫ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇௉ ή ݁ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൅ ݇௜ ή න ݁ሺ߬ሻ݀߬

(1.12)

଴

ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɟɦ.
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ, ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɢɥɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɟɜɨ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɸ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɭɥɶ
ɜɩɪɚɜɨ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɩɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɢɥɫɹ
ɨɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ. ɇɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɶ ɧɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɸ. Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɜɥɟɜɨ ɯɨɬɹ ɢ
ɡɚɦɟɞɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɟɳɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ. ɂ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɜɵɟɯɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ,
ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɵɤɪɭɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɭɥɶ ɜɩɪɚɜɨ. Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨ
ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɨ ɢ
ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɭɠɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɨ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɥɨ. ȼɨɬ ɷɬɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ
ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ, ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɉ, ɂ, Ⱦ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ.
௧

݀݁ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
(1.13)

‫ܫ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇௉ ή ݁ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൅ ݇௜ ή න ݁ሺ߬ሻ݀߬ ൅ ݇ௗ
݀‫ݐ‬
଴

ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (1.13) – ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɉɂȾɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ
௧

݇௜
݇ௗ ݀݁ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
(1.14)
‫ܫ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇௉ ቌ݁ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൅ න ݁ሺ߬ሻ݀߬ ൅
ቍ
݇௣
݇௣ ݀‫ݐ‬
଴

24

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɦ


݇௜
ͳ
ൌ Ǣ
݇௣ ܶ௜

݇ௗ
ൌ ܶௗ 
݇௣

Ɍɨɝɞɚ (1.14) ɩɟɪɟɩɢɲɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
௧

ͳ
݀݁ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
‫ܫ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൌ ݇௉ ቌ݁ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൅ න ݁ሺ߬ሻ݀߬ ൅ ܶௗ
ቍ
ܶ௜
݀‫ݐ‬

(1.15)

(1.16)

଴

ɝɞɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ܶ௜ ˋܶௗ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ:
ܶ௜ – ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
ܶௗ – ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ (1.13) ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ
݇௜
(1.17)

ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ݇௣ ൅ ൅ ݇ௗ ή ‫ݏ‬
‫ݏ‬
s – ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɚ.
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ (1.16) ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ
ͳ
(1.18)

൅ ܶௗ ή ‫ݏ‬൰
ܹሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ ݇௣ ൬ͳ ൅
ܶ௜ ή ‫ݏ‬
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɤ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜɩɨɹɫɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɦ 1.18.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.18. ɋɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɋȺɊ

25

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ: ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɡɜɟɧɚ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ݇௜ ɢ ݇ௗ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɧɭɥɸ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɬɶ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ݇௉ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ
ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɬɚɤ
ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ݇௜ , ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɢ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɬɚɤ
ɨɬɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ݇ௗ , ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɩɟɪɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

1.5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ SimInTech
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ SimInTech ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɱɚɬɶ ɫ ɫɚɣɬɚ www.simintech.ru. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɲɬɚɬɧɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ [3]. ȼ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.19.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.19. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SimInTech
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɋɯɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ
ɨɩɰɢɹɦ Ɏɚɣɥ > ɇɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ > ɋɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ. Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɟ
ɨɤɧɨ ɩɨɞ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɤɧɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.20. ɉɨɡɢɰɢɢ 1…4 ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɤɧɭ ɢ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ 5…9 ɤ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɦɭ ɨɤɧɭ:

26

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɋɢɫ. 1.20. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɢ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SimInTech
1. Ɇɟɧɸ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ.
2. Ɂɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɩɚɥɢɬɪɵ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ.
3. ɉɚɥɢɬɪɵ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ
ɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɭ ɩɚɥɢɬɪɚ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ.
4. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
5. Ɇɟɧɸ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ.
6. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ.
7. Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ.
8. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɞɟɫɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɢ
ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɭ ɤ ɭɡɥɚɦ ɫɟɬɤɢ.
9. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɯ, ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ
ɨɛ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.21.

27

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɋɢɫ. 1.21. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɚɞɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɜɫɟ
ɛɥɨɤɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ.
Ȼɥɨɤ 1 – ɋɬɭɩɟɧɶɤɚ (ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ) ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ. ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ. ɇɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɷɬɨɬ ɛɥɨɤ. Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵ
ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.22.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.22. Ɉɤɧɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɋɬɭɩɟɧɶɤɚ
ȼɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɟ Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ – 0, ȼɪɟɦɹ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ – 0, Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ – 1. ȼɪɟɦɹ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵ ɨɬ ɧɭɥɹ. ɉɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ.
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɚɯ Ɉɛɳɢɟ, ɉɨɪɬɵ ɢ ȼɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɩɨ
ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ.
Ȼɥɨɤ 2 – ɋɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ.
ȼɵɬɚɫɤɢɜɚɟɦ ɛɥɨɤ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ. ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɬɪɨɝɚɟɦ.
Ȼɥɨɤɢ 3, 10 – ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ. ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɛɥɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ. Ȼɥɨɤ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɪɬɚ: input ɢ output.
ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ input – ɜɯɨɞ, output – ɜɵɯɨɞ. ɇɨ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ

28

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

ɩɟɪɟɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ input – ɜɵɯɨɞ, output – ɜɯɨɞ. ɗɬɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɛɥɨɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɜɯɨɞɨɜ, ɚ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɛɥɨɤ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ 180 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ. Ɉɩɰɢɸ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɦ ɦɟɧɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ
ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɛɥɨɤ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɶɧɨ, ɧɚɞɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɩɰɢɢ
Ɂɟɪɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɤɨɣ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɥɢɧɢɸ.
Ȼɥɨɤɢ 4, 9, 12, 13 – Ʉɥɸɱ ɪɭɱɧɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ Ʉɥɸɱɢ.
ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɚ, ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɤɟ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɤɥɸɱɚ, ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɦɭ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɤɥɸɱɚ. ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɧɚɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
ɛɥɨɤɚ. ɉɪɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɤɥɸɱɭ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ȼɥɨɤ 5 – ɋɭɦɦɚɬɨɪ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ. ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ
ɫɭɦɦɚɬɨɪ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɜɯɨɞɚ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ, ɧɚɞɨ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɟ Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, [1,1,1]. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɜɯɨɞɚ
ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ «1» ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ [2,2,2,2], ɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɫɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ «2» ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɟ.
Ȼɥɨɤ 6 – Ʉɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ. ɉɪɢ
ɞɜɨɣɧɨɦ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ k, T, b. ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɟɦ
ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦɢ.
Ȼɥɨɤ 7 – ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ȼɵɜɨɞ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɉɪɢ
ɞɜɨɣɧɨɦ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ
ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɬɨ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.23.

29

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɋɢɫ. 1.23. Ɉɤɧɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɢ
ɗɬɨ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɧɹɜ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɭ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɩɨ ɨɫɹɦ X ɢ Y, ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ, ɲɚɝ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ȼɥɨɤ 8 – ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɨɪ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ. ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɛɥɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɨɪɚ k ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ.
Ȼɥɨɤ 11 – ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ, ɢɯ ɧɚɞɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ
ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɬɭ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɬɹɧɟɦ ɥɢɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɬɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɢ
ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɚ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɛɥɨɤ
ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ, ɧɚɞɨ ɧɚɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ, ɡɚɠɚɬɶ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ
ɩɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɶ ɛɥɨɤ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɥɢɧɢɸ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɧɚɞɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɧɟɣ ɥɟɜɨɣ
ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ Delete.

30

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ (ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɭ), ɧɚɞɨ ɡɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ
Alt ɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɢ ɧɨɜɚɹ
ɥɢɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɹɧɭɬɶ ɤ ɧɭɠɧɨɦɭ ɛɥɨɤɭ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ: ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ,
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɭɸ ɢ
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɢ ɞɪ., ɧɚɞɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ, ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ (ɪɢɫ. 1.24), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɞɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ
ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ
(ɪɢɫ. 1.25), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɟ Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɩɪɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ. ɋɥɟɜɚ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.24
ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɯɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1.25)
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ. ɗɬɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.24. Ɉɤɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ) ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɚ
ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ȼ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɬ. Ɉɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɒɚɝ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɸɬ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ: ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɚɝɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɜ 5–10 ɪɚɡ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɋȺɊ. Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɲɚɝɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɜ 10–100 ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɲɚɝɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɚɹ
ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬ ɞɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ.

31

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɋɢɫ. 1.25. Ɉɤɧɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ
Ɍɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ: ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ
ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɸɬ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ
ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɱɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ: ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 1ɟ – 4 =
0,0001 (0,01 %). ɇɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ 0,01 ɢɥɢ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ 1ɟ – 10. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ
ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ 1ɟ – 4 ɢ 1ɟ – 6 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
ɒɚɝ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɲɚɝɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɬɶ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ.

32

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɋɢɫ. 1.26. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.26. ȼ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɨ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ: k=1;
T=1; b=1. ɉɭɬɟɦ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ 9; 12 ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ: ɉ; ɉɂ; ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɵ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ. ɂɡ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɉ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɞɚɟɬ
ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ, ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɭɛɢɪɚɟɬ, ɧɨ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ,
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. ɇɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ
ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɚɟɬ
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɦ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ (ɪɢɫ. 1.21). Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜɟɬɜɶ ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɜɟɧɨɦ.
ɉɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɜ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.27. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɯɟɦɵ (ɪɢɫ. 1.27) ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.28. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ.

33

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

Ɋɢɫ. 1.27. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ
ɂɡ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ (ɪɢɫ. 1.28) ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ: ɩɟɪɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɬ, ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɧɟɬ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦ (ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɤɭ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚ) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ 1 ɫ.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.28. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
1. ɑɟɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ?
2. ɇɚɱɟɪɬɢɬɶ ɬɢɩɨɜɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

34

ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

3. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɹ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ.
4. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ?
5. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ.
6. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɬɢɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɦɚɲɢɧɚ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɫɬɢɪɤɢ?
7. ȼ ɱɟɦ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ?
8. ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
݀‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
ܽଵ
൅ ܽଶ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ݇‫ݔ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
݀‫ݐ‬
9. ɇɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ‫ݔ‬ଵ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻǢ‫ݔ‬ଶ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.29.

Ɋɢɫ. 1.29. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ

݀ଶ ‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
݀‫ݕ‬ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
൅ ܽଵ
൅ ܽଶ ‫ ݕ‬ൌ ݇ଵ ‫ݔ‬ଵ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ൅ ݇ଶ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
ଶ
݀‫ݐ‬
݀‫ݐ‬
ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ ‫ݔ‬ଵ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ ‫ݔ‬ଶ ሺ‫ݐ‬ሻ
ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ܻሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
Ǣܹଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ
ܹଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ ൌ
ܺଵ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
ܺଶ ሺ‫ݏ‬ሻ
10. Ɂɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.30
ܽ଴

Ɋɢɫ. 1.30. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
11. ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SimInTech ɫɯɟɦɭ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 1.21 ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ,
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɢɫ. 1.26.
12. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɪɢɫ. 1.21 ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɢ
ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɛɵɥɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ 5%, ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ 3 ɫ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɉɂȾ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ: ݇௣ ൌ ͷǡͲǢ݇௜ ൌ ʹǡͲǢ݇ௗ ൌ ͳǡͷǤ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌1.ˑ̸̨̨̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̯̖̬̯̥̯̖̭̬̖̱̣̬̦̌̏̌̐̐̏̌́

13. ɇɚɣɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SimInTech ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ k, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɋȺɊ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (˒˓ˋ݇ଵ ൌ ʹǢܶଵ ൌ Ͳǡͷܿሻ

Ɋɢɫ. 1.31. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
14. ɇɚɣɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SimInTech ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ k, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɋȺɊ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (˒˓ˋ݇ଶ ൌ ͵Ǣܶଵ ൌ ͲǡͷܿǢܶଶ ൌ ͳܿǢܶଷ ൌ
Ͳǡʹͷܿሻ

Ɋɢɫ. 1.32. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
15. ɇɚɣɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ SimInTech ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ k, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɋȺɊ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ
ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
(˒˓ˋ݇ଶ ൌ ͳǡͷǢ݇ଷ ൌ ͳǢ݇ସ ൌ ͳǢܶଵ ൌ
ͲǡͳܿǢܶଶ ൌ ͳܿǤ ሻ

Ɋɢɫ. 1.33. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ

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ȽɅȺȼȺ 2. ɗɅȿɆȿɇɌɕ ɐɂɎɊɈȼɈɃ ɌȿɏɇɂɄɂ
2.1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɵ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ
ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɱɧɟɦ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ.
Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ – ɷɬɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: «0» ɢ «1». Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬ
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ: ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ H
(High) ɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ L (Low). H – ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, +5 ȼ, L – ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɧɭɥɸ, ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɡɚ «1», ɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ – ɡɚ «0», ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ ɨ
ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɤɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɟ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ, ɬɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ (ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ) ɥɨɝɢɤɚ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɛɭɞɟɦ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɤɨɣ.
ɋɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚɞ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɢ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, «0» ɢɥɢ «1». Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ – ɷɬɨ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɫɟɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ
ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɹɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ. ɑɢɫɥɨ ɫɬɪɨɤ (k) ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɛɢɧɚɪɧɨɦ ɤɨɞɟ) ɪɚɜɧɨ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɜ
ɞɜɨɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɨ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ k = 2n, ɝɞɟ n – ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ) ɞɥɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ (A, B) ɪɚɜɧɨ 22 = 4, ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
(A, B, C) ɪɚɜɧɨ 23 = 8 ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɛɭɥɟɜɚ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ
Ⱦɠ. Ȼɭɥɹ. ȼ ɛɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɟ ɤ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ
ɥɸɛɭɸ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ, ɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ
ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɛɚɡɢɫɨɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɯ ɛɚɡɢɫɨɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ:
 ɂ, ɇȿ (2 ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ)
 ɂɅɂ, ɇȿ (2 ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ)
 ɂ-ɇȿ (1 ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ)
 ɂɅɂ-ɇȿ (1 ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ).
Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦ ɇȿ, ɂɅɂ, ɂ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɹ, ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

ȼ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɢɯ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɦɢ.
Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɂɡ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. ɇɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɂ, ɂɅɂ, ɇȿ, ɂ-ɇȿ, ɂɅɂ-ɇȿ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ: ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɵ, ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ,
ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɵ, ɫɭɦɦɚɬɨɪɵ, ɲɢɮɪɚɬɨɪɵ, ɞɟɲɢɮɪɚɬɨɪɵ. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɢɡ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɬɚɤɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɵ, ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɨɞɧɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ,
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɝɢɛɤɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ, ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ.
Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ:
1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ.
2. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ.
3. Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ
ɟɣ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ.
4. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ.
ɉɪɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (ɍȽɈ) ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 2.1. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦɢ ȽɈɋɌ ɢ ANSI.
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ȽɈɋɌ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɉɨɯɨɠɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ – ɆɗɄ (IEC – International
Electrotechnical Commission). ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ANSI – ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ
(American National Standards Institute).
Ⱦɥɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ «ɂ», «ɂɅɂ», «ɇȿ» ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɡɧɚɤɢ
ɂ

ɂɅɂ

ɇȿ

x

+

ɱɟɪɬɚ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ

š

›

™

38

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.1
Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ

ȽɈɋɌ

ANSI

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ
Ⱥ
0
1

ɇȿ – ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɟ
(ɢɧɜɟɪɬɨɪ)

Y=‫ܣ‬
1
0

INV
ɂɅɂ –
ɞɢɡɴɸɧɤɰɢɹ
(ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ)

AND

Ⱥ
0
0
1
1
Ⱥ
0
0
1
1
Ⱥ
0
0
1
1
Ⱥ
0
0
1
1
Ⱥ
0
0
1
1

ȼ
0
1
0
1
ȼ
0
1
0
1
ȼ
0
1
0
1
ȼ
0
1
0
1
ȼ
0
1
0
1

Y = AvB
0
1
1
1
Y = AĻB
1
0
0
0
Y = A†B
0
1
1
0
Y = Ⱥļȼ
1
0
0
1
Y = A^B
0
0
0
1

NAND

Ⱥ
0
0
1
1

ȼ
0
1
0
1

Y = A|B
1
1
1
0

OR

ɂɅɂ-ɇȿ –
ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ
ɞɢɡɴɸɧɤɰɢɢ
(ɫɬɪɟɥɤɚ ɉɢɪɫɚ)

NOR

ɂɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɟ
ɂɅɂ
XOR
ɂɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɟ
ɂɅɂ-ɇȿ
XNOR
ɂ – ɤɨɧɴɸɧɤɰɢɹ
(ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ).

ɂ-ɇȿ – ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ
ɤɨɧɴɸɧɤɰɢɢ
(ɲɬɪɢɯ ɒɟɮɮɟɪɚ)

39

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 2.1. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɩɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ
 ൌ ሺ ή ሻ ൅ ሺ ൅ ሻ ή 
ɂɦɟɟɦ:
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ – ɞɜɟ: A, B;
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ – ɲɟɫɬɶ: «ɂ»; «ɂɅɂ»; «ɇȿ»; «ɇȿ»; «ɂ»; «ɂɅɂ».
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ,
ɪɚɜɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ.
ɋɯɟɦɭ ɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.1.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.1. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɩɨ ɫɭɬɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ. ȼɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɬɧɢ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɵ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɬɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɷɬɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɢ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.

2.2. Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɵ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ
Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ (Ⱥ, ȼ, ɋ ɢ
ɬ.ɞ.) ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ (0, 1).

40

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ.
ɋɜɹɡɤɚ ɂ
ɋɜɹɡɤɚ ɂɅɂ
ɋɜɹɡɤɚ ɇȿ
ͲήͲൌͲ
Ͳ൅ͲൌͲ
Ͳൌͳ
ͲήͳൌͲ
Ͳ൅ͳൌͳ
ͳൌͲ
ͳήͲൌͲ
ͳ൅Ͳൌͳ
ͳήͳൌͳ
ͳ൅ͳൌͳ
Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɚɦɚ
ɫɟɛɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɢɥɢ ɚɧɧɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ.
ʤή Ͳ ൌ Ͳ
ʏ ή ͳ ൌ ʏ
ʏ ή ʏ ൌ ʏ

ʏ൅Ͳൌʏ
ʏ൅ͳൌͳ
ʏ൅ʏൌʏ

ʏ ή ሺʏ ൅ ʑሻ ൌ ʏ
ʏ ൅ ሺʏ ή ʑሻ ൌ ʏ
ʏ൅ʏήʑൌʏ൅ʑ

ʏ ή ʏ ൌ Ͳ
ʏ൅ʏൌͳ
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɝɥɚɫɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ.
ʏήʑൌʑήʏ
ʏ൅ʑൌʑ൅ʏ
ɋɨɱɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ (ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ) ɡɚɤɨɧ. ɋɨɱɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɝɥɚɫɢɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ.
ʏ ή ʑ ή ʠ ൌ ሺʏ ή ʑሻ ή ʠ ൌ ʏ ή ሺʑ ή ʠሻ
ʏ ൅ ʑ ൅ ʠ ൌ ሺʏ ൅ ʑሻ ൅ ʠ ൌ ʏ ൅ ሺʑ ൅ ʠሻ
Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ (ɞɢɫɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜɧɵɣ) ɡɚɤɨɧ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɝɥɚɫɢɬ,
ɱɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɧɨɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ.
ʏ ή ሺʑ ൅ ʠሻ ൌ ʏ ή ʑ ൅ ʏ ή ʠ
ሺʏ ൅ ʑሻ ή ሺʏ ൅ ʠሻ ൌ ʏ ൅ ʑ ή ʠ
ȼɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɣ:
ሺʏ ൅ ʑሻ ή ሺʏ ൅ ʠሻ ൌ ʏ ή ʏ ൅ ʑ ή ʏ ൅ ʏ ή ʠ ൅ ʑ ή ʠ ൌ ʏ ൅ ʏ ή ʑ ൅ ʏ ή ʠ ൅ ʑ ή ʠ
ൌ ʏ ή ൫ͳ ൅ ሺʑ ൅ ʠሻ൯ ൅ ʑ ή ʠ ൌ ʏ ൅ ʑ ή ʠ
ሺʑ
ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ൫ͳ ൅ ൅ ʠሻ൯ ൌ ͳ ɩɪɢ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ 0 ɢ 1 ɞɥɹ ȼ ɢ ɋ.
Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ Ⱦɟ Ɇɨɪɝɚɧɚ
ʏήʑήʠൌʏ൅ʑ൅ʠ
ʏ൅ʑ൅ʠൌʏήʑήʠ
Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ Ⱦɟ Ɇɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɝɥɚɫɹɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɴɸɧɤɰɢɢ (ɞɢɡɴɸɧɤɰɢɢ) ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɪɚɜɧɨ ɞɢɡɴɸɧɤɰɢɢ (ɤɨɧɴɸɧɤɰɢɢ) ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ.
Ⱦɜɨɣɧɨɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɟ
ʏൌʏ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɫɜɹɡɢ

ʏ ൅ ʑ ή ʠ ൌ ʏ ൅ ሺʑ ή ʠሻ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɝɥɚɫɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɤɚ «ɂ» ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɜɹɡɤɨɣ «ɂɅɂ».
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 2.2.

41

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

ሺ ή ሻ ൅ ൫ ή ൯ ൌ  ή  ൅  ή  ൌ  ή ൫ ൅ ൯ ൌ  ή ͳ ൌ 
ɉɪɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ: ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ, ɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɡɚɤɨɧ, ɡɚɤɨɧ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 2.3.
ሺ ൅ ሻ ή ൫ ൅ ൯ ൌ ሺ ൅ ሻ ή  ൅ ሺ ൅ ሻ ή  ൌ  ή  ൅  ή  ൅  ή  ൅  ή 
ൌ  ൅  ή  ൅  ή  ൅ Ͳ ൌ  ൅  ή  ൅  ή  ൌ  ή ሺͳ ൅  ൅ ሻ ൌ 
ɉɪɢ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ:
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɡɚɤɨɧ,
ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ, ɡɚɤɨɧ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ,
ɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ, ɡɚɤɨɧ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ.

2.3. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ
ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ. ɋɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ. ɋɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ, ɬɨ ɧɚɫ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ,
ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. ɋɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ
ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ,
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ «ɂɅɂ», ɢɥɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ
«ɂ», ɢɥɢ ɤɚɪɬɵ Ʉɚɪɧɨ. ɇɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 2.4. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ
ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ: Ⱥ, ȼ, C, D. ɉɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ Ⱥ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬ
5 ɤȼɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ ȼ – 15 ɤȼɬ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ ɋ – 15 ɤȼɬ,
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶ D – 20 ɤȼɬ. Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ
ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 25 ɤȼɬ. ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɚ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɬɶ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɞɚɧ ɫɢɝɚɥ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɢ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ (ɬɚɛɥ. 2.2).

42

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.2
D
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

ˁ
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

ʦ
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

ʤ
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Y
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1

Y – ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ «0», ɟɫɥɢ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɧɨ 25 ɤȼɬ, ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ «1»,
ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 25 ɤȼɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɫɯɟɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ «ɂɅɂ». Ɉɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɪɨɤ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Y ɪɚɜɧɨ «1», ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ
ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɜɹɡɤɢ «ɂ». ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ «0»
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɟɦ:
 ή  ή  ή ሺͺሻ
 ή  ή  ή  ሺͳͳሻ
 ή  ή  ή ሺͳʹሻ
 ή  ή  ή ሺ͹ሻ

ή  ή  ή ሺͳ͸ሻ
 ή  ή  ή ሺͳͶሻ
 ή  ή  ή ሺͳ͵ሻ
 ή  ή  ή  ሺͳͷሻ
ȼ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɬɪɨɤ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ.
ȼɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ Y ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɹɡɤɭ «ɂɅɂ» ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ
ൌήήή൅ήήή൅ήήή൅ήήή൅
൅ ή  ή  ή  ൅  ή  ή  ή  ൅  ή  ή  ή  ൅  ή  ή  ή 
ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɵ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɶ ɞɨ
ɜɢɞɚ
ൌή൅ή൅ή
Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.2.
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ «ɂ». Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ 2.2 ɜɵɞɟɥɢɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ Y=0, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ.
2.3.

43

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.3
D
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

ˁ
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

ʦ
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

ʤ
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Y
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɜɹɡɤɢ «ɂɅɂ». Ɂɚɬɟɦ
ɡɚɩɢɲɟɦ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɜɹɡɤɢ «ɂ». ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ «1» ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɟɦ:
 ൌ ሺ ൅  ൅  ൅ ሻ ή ൫ ൅  ൅  ൅ ൯ ή ൫ ൅  ൅  ൅ ൯ ή ൫ ൅  ൅  ൅ ൯ ή
ή ൫ ൅  ൅  ൅ ൯ ή ൫ ൅  ൅  ൅ ൯ ή ൫ ൅  ൅  ൅ ൯ ή ൫ ൅  ൅  ൅ ൯
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
(2.1)

 ൌ  ή  ൅  ή  ൅  ή 
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ «ɂ» ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɭɸ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ «ɂɅɂ», ɱɬɨ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɬɶ.
ɇɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɭɸ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɫɬɪɨɤ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɫɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ «1» ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ «0», ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɨ
ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ «ɂɅɂ». Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɤɨɪɨɱɟ ɢ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ.

44

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

Ɋɢɫ. 2.2. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɍɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ
ɧɟɬɪɢɜɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ. ɇɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɷɬɚɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Multisim. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ Multisim ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ [1].

Ɋɢɫ. 2.3. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Multisim

45

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Multisim 14 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.3, ɝɞɟ
ɰɢɮɪɚɦɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ:
1. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ.
10. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ȼɢɞ.
2. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ.
11. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ Ɇɧɨɝɨɡɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
3. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ.
12. ɋɬɪɨɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
4. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ Ɋɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
13. ɉɪɢɛɨɪɵ.
5. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ.
14. Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ.
6. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ȼɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ
15. Ȼɥɨɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ.
16. Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɩɨɥɟɣ.
7. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɧɢɤ.
17. Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
8. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
18. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.
9. MCU (ɩɚɧɟɥɶ
19. Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ.
ɦɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ).
ɇɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɉɪɢɛɨɪɵ (ɩɨɡ.13) ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ. ɗɬɭ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɤɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɦɵɲɢ ɧɚ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ (Logic Converter) – ɷɬɨ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ, ɧɟ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ. Ɉɧ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɫɯɟɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ 2.4 ɢ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɟɜɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɜ
ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ 2.4. Ʌɢɰɟɜɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ
ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ. ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɢɦɟɟɬ 8 ɜɯɨɞɨɜ (8 ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ) A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɵɯɨɞ Out (ɤɪɚɣɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ).
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ:
– ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ (ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ 1);
– ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ 2);
– ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ (ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ 3);
– ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ
(ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ 4);
– ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɩɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɛɚɡɢɫɟ ɂ, ɂɅɂ, ɇȿ
(ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ 5);
– ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɩɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɛɚɡɢɫɟ ɂ-ɇȿ (ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ 6).

46

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

Ɋɢɫ. 2.4. ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ (ɫɜɟɪɯɭ) ɢ ɥɢɰɟɜɚɹ
ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ (ɫɧɢɡɭ)
ɓɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɛɭɤɜɚɦ A, B, C, D ɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ 4-ɯ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɫɬɨɥɛɟɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ Y ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ Y ɜɨɡɶɦɟɦ ɢɡ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 2.2. ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ, ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ «0» ɢ «1» ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɟ
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ
ɜɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɤɭ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ.
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ, ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟ 2, ɢ ɜ
ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Y,
ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.5.

47

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

Ɋɢɫ. 2.5. Ʌɢɰɟɜɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ, ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟ 3. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɨɟ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.6.

48

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

Ɋɢɫ. 2.6. Ʌɢɰɟɜɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɵɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɂɬɚɤ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Y ɜ ɜɢɞɟ


 ൌ  ή  ൅  ή  ൅  ή 

(2.2)

ɉɪɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɢ (2.1) ɢ (2.2) – ɷɬɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɢ ɬɚ ɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ. ɂɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɟ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ 2.2 ɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.4 ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ A,
B, C, D. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ 2.2 ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ Multisim, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: D ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ Ⱥ, ɋ < ɧɚ ȼ, ȼ < ɧɚ ɋ,
Ⱥ < ɧɚ D, ɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ (2.1) ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ (2.2). ȼ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɥɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɱɬɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ
ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɩɪɢɧɹɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Multisim.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 2.5. Ȼɨɪɬɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ 3-ɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɝɭɞɨɤ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɥɸɛɵɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɣ ɝɭɞɨɤ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɬɚɛɥ. 2.4) ɩɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. Ɍɪɟɦ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ A, B, C. ɉɭɫɬɶ

49

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɦɭ ɝɭɞɤɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ Y1 ɢ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɦɭ ɝɭɞɤɭ –
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ Y2.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.4.
A
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

B
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

C
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Y1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0

Y2
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ,
ɧɚɞɨ:
 ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ «ɂɅɂ» (ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ
«1» ɦɟɧɶɲɟ) ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ;
 ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ;
 ɩɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɩɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
ɉɨɫɬɭɩɢɦ ɩɪɨɳɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
Multisim. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɪɨɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ Multisim, ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ, ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɛɭɤɜɚɦ A, B, C. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɵ ɩɨɞ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ 2.4, ɧɚɞɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɫɬɨɥɛɟɰ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Y1 (ɪɢɫ. 2.7), ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Y2 (ɪɢɫ. 2.8). ɉɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ:
 ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɝɭɞɤɚ
ܻͳ ൌ ‫ ܣ‬ή ‫ ܤ‬ή ‫ ܥ‬൅ ‫ ܣ‬ή ‫ ܤ‬ή ‫ ܥ‬൅ ‫ ܣ‬ή ‫ ܤ‬ή ‫ܥ‬
 ɞɥɹ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɭɞɤɚ
ܻʹ ൌ ‫ ܣ‬ή ‫ ܥ‬൅ ‫ ܣ‬ή ‫ ܤ‬൅ ‫ ܤ‬ή ‫ܥ‬

50

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

Ɋɢɫ. 2.7. Ʌɢɰɟɜɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Y1

Ɋɢɫ. 2.8. Ʌɢɰɟɜɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ
ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Y2

51

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

ɉɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.9. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
Multisim, ɧɚɠɚɜ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ 5-ɸ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ.

2.4. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ
ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ
ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ, ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ – FBD (ɹɡɵɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɛɥɨɤɨɜ). ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɢɡɥɨɠɢɦ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ – LD (ɹɡɵɤ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ). Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Multisim. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ
ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɚɧɢɰɵ ɜ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɜ

52

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

Multisim.
Ɋɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.12 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ:
 ɛɨɤɨɜɵɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɹ L1, L2, L3 ɢ ɬ.ɞ. (Ladder Diagrams –> Ladder Rungs –> L1
(ɥɟɜɨɟ) / L2 (ɩɪɚɜɨɟ));
 ɤɥɸɱɢ S1, S2 (Basic –> Switch –> SPST);
 ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɪɟɥɟ Ɇ1; Ɇ2 (Ladder Diagrams –> Ladder Relay Coils –> Relay Coil);
 ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ X1…X4 (Ladder Diagrams –> Ladder
Contacts –> Relay Contact NO);
 ɥɚɦɩɵ X7; X8 (Indicators –> Lamp).
ȼ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Multisim, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ. Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɨɲɤɟ
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɜɨ
ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɦɟɧɸ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ. Ⱦɜɭɯɛɭɤɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ
ɪɟɥɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ CR – Coil Relay.
ɋɜɟɪɯɭ ɧɚɞ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.10 ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ, ɚ ɩɨɞ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɦ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɦ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɧɚ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɭ, ɧɚɞɨ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭ ɢ ɜ
ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɨɲɤɟ ɜɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɫɵɥɤɭ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.10. Ɋɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɤ, ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɫɫɵɥɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ
ɤɚɬɭɲɤɭ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ
ɡɚɦɵɤɚɸɬɫɹ.
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɟ (NO – Normal Open) ɢ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɟ (NC – Normal Close), ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.11.

53

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

Ɋɢɫ. 2.11. Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɚ ɏ7 ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.10 ɜɤɥɸɱɢɥɚɫɶ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɏ1,
ɏ2 ɡɚɦɤɧɭɥɢɫɶ. ɗɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ «ɂ», ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɵ «1». ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɚ ɏ8, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɏ3 ɢɥɢ ɏ4. ɗɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ «ɂɅɂ», ɤɨɝɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ «1»
ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ. Ʉɥɸɱɢ S1, S2 ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ/ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ
ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɪɟɥɟ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 2.6. ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɟ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɚɦɢ ɪɟɥɟ.
Ȼɭɞɟɦ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
«0» ɢ «1». Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ «0» ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢ «1» –
ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɦɭ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ Multisim ɛɭɤɜɨɣ M, ɬɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɦ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ M1, M2, M3. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɚ EL1 ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɡɚɦɵɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢɥɢ M1 ɢ M2, ɢɥɢ Ɇ2 ɢ Ɇ3. Ʌɚɦɩɨɱɤɚ EL2 ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ. Ʌɚɦɩɨɱɤɟ EL1 ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ Y1, ɚ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɟ EL2 – ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ Y2. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ
ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɬɚɛɥ. 2.5).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.5
ʺ1
ʺ2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1

ʺ3
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Y1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0

54

Y2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ «ɂɅɂ», ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ.
(2.3)
ͳ ൌ ͳ ή ʹ ή ͵ ൅ ͳ ή ʹ ή ͵
ʹ ൌ ͳ ή ʹ ή ͵

(2.4)

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɸ (2.3) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ͳ ൌ ʹ ή ሺͳ ή ͵ ൅ ͳ ή ͵ሻ

(2.5)

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ (2.4) ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ «ɂ», ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ (2.5) ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ «ɂ»,
«ɂɅɂ».
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ (ɪɢɫ. 2.12). ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɛɟɡ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ NO-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ NCɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.12. Ɋɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
Ʌɚɦɩɨɱɤɢ ɏ7, ɏ8 ɛɭɞɭɬ ɡɚɠɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ S1, S2, S3 ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 2.7. ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ, ɜɚɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɩɪɚɜɨ ɢɥɢ
ɜɥɟɜɨ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬ ɤɥɸɱ. ɉɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɢ
ɤɥɸɱɟɣ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɟɬɫɹ

55

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɩɪɚɜɨ ɢɥɢ
ɜɥɟɜɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɚɦɩɵ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ M1, M2.
Ʌɚɦɩɨɱɤɚɦ EL1 ɢ EL2 ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Y1 ɢ Y2
(ɜɩɪɚɜɨ, ɜɥɟɜɨ), ɚ ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɨɣ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɟ EL3 – ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ Y3 (ɬɚɛɥ.2.6).
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2.6
M1
0
0
1
1

M2
0
1
0
1

Y1
0
1
0
0

Y2
0
0
1
0

Y3
0
0
0
1

ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ «ɂɅɂ», ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
(2.6)

ͳ ൌ ‫ ͳܯ‬ή ʹǢ ʹ ൌ ͳ ή ʹǢ ͵ ൌ ͳ ή ʹ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ (ɪɢɫ. 2.13)

Ɋɢɫ. 2.13. Ɋɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ:
 ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɬɭɲɟɤ;
 ɜɫɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɤɥɚɞɤɟ;
 ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
ɂɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.10, 2.12, 2.13 ɫɯɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ
Multisim ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɥɨɝɢɤɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

56

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɳɟɥɱɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɜɟɧɶɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ.
Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɢ, ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɩɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦ (2.6).
Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Multisim ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ: Ȼɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ:
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ; Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ: Misc Digital; ɋɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɨ: TIL. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
2.14.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.14. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ Multisim, ɧɚɞɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɤɥɸɱɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.15.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.15. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ Multisim
Ɂɚɦɵɤɚɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɹ ɤɥɸɱɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ Y ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ.

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
1. ɑɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ, ɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ?
2. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ȽɈɋɌ.

57

ʧ̣̌̏̌2.ˑ̶̴̵̨̨̡̛̛̛̣̖̥̖̦̯̼̬̜̯̖̦̏

3. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ «ɂ»,
«ɂɅɂ», «ɇȿ»?
4. ɉɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ?
5. ɂɡ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ (ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ)?
6. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ «ɂɅɂ» ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɟ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ?
7. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ «ɂ» ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɟ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ?
8. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Multisim ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ
ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ?
9. ɑɟɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ NO ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ NC?
10. Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Multisim
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɪɟɥɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ?
11. ɏɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɤɥɚɞ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ, ɬɨ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ.
12. Ȼɨɪɬɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ 4-ɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɨɛɢɥɹ. ɉɪɢ
ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɣ ɝɭɞɨɤ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɥɸɛɵɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɣ ɝɭɞɨɤ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ.
13. ɑɟɬɵɪɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ A, B, C, D ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɬɪɟɯ ɧɚɫɨɫɨɜ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ
ɧɚɫɨɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɫ ɞɜɭɯ
ɥɸɛɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɧɚɫɨɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɫ ɬɪɟɯ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ.

58

ȽɅȺȼȺ 3. ɈȻɓɂȿ ɉɊɂɇɐɂɉɕ
ɉɈɋɌɊɈȿɇɂə ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɂɊɍȿɆɕɏ
ɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɏ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊɈȼ
3.1. Ɇɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ (ɉɅɄ, ɚɧɝɥ. PLC –
Programmable Logic Controller) ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɹɞ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɨɬ
ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ:
– ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ (ɨɞɧɨɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ),
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɜ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ;
– ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ
ɤɪɭɝ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢɯ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ
ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚɦ, ɢ ɜɵɞɚɱɭ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ;
– ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɜɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɉɅɄ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ, ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɦɢ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɜ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ. ɐɢɤɥ
ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ:
x ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɬ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ;
x ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɟɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ;
x ɜɵɞɚɱɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ.
ȼ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɉɅɄ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ
ɨɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɉɅɄ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɮɥɚɝɢ - ɛɭɥɟɜɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ
ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɮɥɚɝɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜɜɨɞɹɬ ɛɭɥɟɜɭ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ (ɮɥɚɝ) ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɮɥɚɝ, ɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɨɛɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɉɅɄ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ (ɪɢɫ. 3.1).
Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. Ɇɨɞɭɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɉɅɄ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ
ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɚɪɚɫɬɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ.

59

ʧ̣̌̏̌3.ʽ̶̵̸̵̨̨̨̨̡̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̺̖̪̬̦̪̼̪̭̯̬̖̦̪̬̬̥̥̬̱̖̥̼̣̖̭̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̍́̐̌̐̏

Ɋɢɫ. 3.1. Ɇɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ
ɍ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ
ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ
ɤɚɤ
ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ,
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ
ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɤɪɨɦɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɦɚɥɨɣ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ (ɉɅɊ).
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ ɫ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ DIN-ɪɟɣɤɭ,
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ/ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɫɧɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɉɅɊ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ. ɑɚɫɬɨ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɅɊ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ, ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɜ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɉɅɄ ɢ ɉɅɊ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɚ.
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ:
 ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɤɢ;
 ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɩɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɜ;
 ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɦɢ;
 ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɨɛɨɝɪɟɜɚ ɢ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɡɞɚɧɢɣ;
 ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɢɬɨɱɧɨ-ɜɵɬɹɠɧɨɣ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɟɣ
ɢ
ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɟɪɚɦɢ, ɤɥɢɦɚɬ-ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ;
 ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ;
 ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ;
 ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɮɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚɦɢ;

60

ʧ̣̌̏̌3.ʽ̶̵̸̵̨̨̨̨̡̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̺̖̪̬̦̪̼̪̭̯̬̖̦̪̬̬̥̥̬̱̖̥̼̣̖̭̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̍́̐̌̐̏







ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɪɨɬ ɢ ɞɜɟɪɟɣ;
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ «ɍɦɧɵɣ ɞɨɦ»,
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɚ;
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɲɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɦɢ;
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɤ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ ɢ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɢ
ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ Schneider Electric,
OMRON, SIEMENS, Mitsubishi Electric, ABB, Moeller, Ɉȼȿɇ (OWEN), Ɉɇɂ (ONI)
ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ.

3.2. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ
Ɍɢɩɨɜɚɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɉɅɄ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.2. ɉɅɄ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ
ɫɟɛɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ (Ɇɉ), ɩɚɦɹɬɶ (ɉɁɍ ɢ ɈɁɍ), ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ,
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ (Ⱥɐɉ), ɰɢɮɪɨ-ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
(ɐȺɉ), ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ.

Ɋɢɫ. 3.2. Ɍɢɩɨɜɚɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɉɅɄ
Ɇɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ
–
ɷɬɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ-ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ,
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ
ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ (Ȼɂɋ). ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɤɨ-ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɛɥɨɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ. Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɬɚɤɬɨɜɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ. Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɬɚɤɬɨɜɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ, ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ.
Ɍɚɤɬɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ. Ɍɚɤɬ - ɷɬɨ
ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ

61

ʧ̣̌̏̌3.ʽ̶̵̸̵̨̨̨̨̡̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̺̖̪̬̦̪̼̪̭̯̬̖̦̪̬̬̥̥̬̱̖̥̼̣̖̭̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̍́̐̌̐̏

ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ. ɇɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɚɤɬɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɬɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɝɚɝɟɪɰɚɯ
(ɆȽɰ). ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɢ
ɫɨɬɧɢ ɦɟɝɚɝɟɪɰ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɬɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ
ɦɢɥɥɢɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɦɢ (ɦɫ).
Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹ ɜɚɠɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɟɝɨ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ – ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɋɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɨɜ ɞɜɨɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ. Ɋɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ 1 ɛɚɣɬ, ɬɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ 8,
ɟɫɥɢ 2 ɛɚɣɬɚ, ɬɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ 16, ɟɫɥɢ 4 ɛɚɣɬɚ, ɬɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɫɬɶ 32,
ɟɫɥɢ 8 ɛɚɣɬ, ɬɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɫɬɶ 64.
ɉɚɦɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ: ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɳɟɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ (ɉɁɍ) ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ (ɈɁɍ). ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ
ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ (ɜ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ROM – Read Only
Memory) - ɷɬɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɉɁɍ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ
ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɨ «ɡɚɲɢɬɚ» ɜ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɳɟɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɟ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɉɁɍ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ, ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɭɠɟ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ, ɬɨ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɞɥɹ
ɉɁɍ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɟ
ɩɟɪɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ EEPROM (Electrically Erasable
Programmable ROM). ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɉɁɍ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
ɈɁɍ – ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɳɟɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ (ɜ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
RAM – Random Access Memory) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɢ ɞɥɹ
ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɈɁɍ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɈɁɍ, ɫɬɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɢɥɨɛɚɣɬɚɯ, ɦɟɝɚɛɚɣɬɚɯ, ɝɢɝɚɛɚɣɬɚɯ:
 1 Ʉɛɚɣɬ = 210 ɛɚɣɬ = 1024 ɛɚɣɬ;
 1 Ɇɛɚɣɬ = 210 Ʉɛɚɣɬ = 220 ɛɚɣɬ;
 1 Ƚɛɚɣɬ = 210 Ɇɛɚɣɬ = 220 Ʉɛɚɣɬ = 230 ɛɚɣɬ.
ɉɚɦɹɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤ
ɞɥɢɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɭɸ ɢɡ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɤ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɹɱɟɣɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ
ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɨɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɵ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɵɦ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ 0, ɥɢɛɨ 1. Ɉɞɢɧ ɪɚɡɪɹɞ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɢɬɨɦ. ȼɫɟ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ
ɩɪɨɧɭɦɟɪɨɜɚɧɵ. ɇɨɦɟɪ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɟɺ ɚɞɪɟɫɨɦ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ
ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɹɱɟɣɤɟ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɺ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ
ɧɟɣ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ.
ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ,
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɵɦɢ

62

ʧ̣̌̏̌3.ʽ̶̵̸̵̨̨̨̨̡̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̺̖̪̬̦̪̼̪̭̯̬̖̦̪̬̬̥̥̬̱̖̥̼̣̖̭̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̍́̐̌̐̏

ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ
ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ) ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ
(ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ, ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɟ), ɩɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ.
ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ ɉɅɄ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ (ɲɢɧɟ), ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ,
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɚɞɪɟɫɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɜɨɢɱɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɟɥ.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɉɅɄ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɭɝɭ, ɬ.ɟ. ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɉɅɄ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɉɅɄ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɩɨ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ, ɨɱɢɫɬɤɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɉɅɄ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. ɉɟɪɜɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɨɩɪɨɫ ɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɚɯ ɉɅɄ. ȼɬɨɪɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ – ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɍɪɟɬɶɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ – ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ
ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɉɅɄ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɞɟɬ ɷɬɚɩ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. Ɉɧ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɜ, Ⱥɐɉ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɉɅɄ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɧɨɜɨ.
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ. ɗɬɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢɡ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ
ɜɵɯɨɞɵ, ɢɯ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɭɸ. ɗɬɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɰɢɮɪɨ-ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ.

3.3. ȼɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ
Ⱦɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ (DI – digital input). ȼɯɨɞɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ (ɞɜɨɢɱɧɵɯ) ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ. Ʉ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ ɉɅɄ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ
ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɥɸɱɢ «ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ-ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ». ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ ɧɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 24 ȼ, ɬɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 24 ȼ.
Ⱦɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ (DO – digital output) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɥɚɦɩɵ, ɪɟɥɟ, ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɞɪ.
ȼɵɯɨɞɵ ɉɅɄ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɥɟ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ
ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɡɜɹɡɤɭ ɫ ɰɟɩɹɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɉɅɄ, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɣ
ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ

63

ʧ̣̌̏̌3.ʽ̶̵̸̵̨̨̨̨̡̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̺̖̪̬̦̪̼̪̭̯̬̖̦̪̬̬̥̥̬̱̖̥̼̣̖̭̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̍́̐̌̐̏

ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɹɡɤɨɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɨɩɬɨɩɚɪɵ. ɇɨ
ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɉɅɄ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ (AI – analog input). Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɜɯɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ Ⱥɐɉ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤɚ. Ʉ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜɫɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ: ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ (Ⱥɐɉ) — ɷɬɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ,
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɜ ɞɜɨɢɱɧɵɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɞ.
Ɋɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɫɬɶ Ⱥɐɉ – ɷɬɨ ɱɢɫɥɨ n, ɪɚɜɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɨɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɞɜɨɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ. ȼɟɫɶ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 2n - 1 ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɲɚɝɨɜ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɪɢɫ. 3.3). Ɍɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ
ɲɚɝɚ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ:
ܷ௠௔௫ െ ܷ௠௜௡
οൌ
ʹ௡ െ ͳ
ܷ௠௔௫ ǡ ܷ௠௜௡ – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ Ⱥɐɉ.

Ɋɢɫ. 3.3. Ⱥɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɂɡ ɪɢɫ. 3.3. ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɲɚɝ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ
ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ (AO – analog output). ɇɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɯ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ (ɐȺɉ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ, ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ
Ⱥɐɉ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤ. ȼɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɐȺɉ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ

64

ʧ̣̌̏̌3.ʽ̶̵̸̵̨̨̨̨̡̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̺̖̪̬̦̪̼̪̭̯̬̖̦̪̬̬̥̥̬̱̖̥̼̣̖̭̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̍́̐̌̐̏

ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ (ȺɈ) ɢ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɚɬɶ ɢɯ, ɢɧɚɱɟ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɺɧ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɭɸ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɭɝɥɨɜɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ,
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɇɨ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ, ɬɨ
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ, ɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɉɅɄ (ɫ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɦ 12 ɢɥɢ 24 ȼ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ) ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 10 ɜɨɥɶɬ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤɢ
0…20 ɦȺ/4…20 ɦȺ, ɬɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɥɟɠɚɬɶ
ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ. ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɜɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.4.

Ɋɢɫ. 3.4. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɫ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ ɜɨ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 1000. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ,
ɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 10 ȼ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ ɜ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ, ɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 1000. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɵɯ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ, ɢ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ,
ɜɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ

‫ ܣ‬ൌ݇ήܰ൅ܾ
(3.1)
ɝɞɟ k – ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ;
b – ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ;
A – ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ, ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ (ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ);
N – ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 0…1000.

65

ʧ̣̌̏̌3.ʽ̶̵̸̵̨̨̨̨̡̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̺̖̪̬̦̪̼̪̭̯̬̖̦̪̬̬̥̥̬̱̖̥̼̣̖̭̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̍́̐̌̐̏

ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ (3.1) ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɢ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ
ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ
(3.2)
‫ܣ‬௠௔௫ ൌ ݇ ή ܰ௠௔௫ ൅ ܾ

‫ܣ‬௠௜௡ ൌ ݇ ή ܰ௠௜௡ ൅ ܾ
ɝɞɟ ‫ܣ‬௠௔௫ , ‫ܣ‬௠௜௡ – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ,
ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ;
ܰ௠௔௫ , ܰ௠௜௡ – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɟ.
ɂɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ (3.2) ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ
‫ܣ‬௠௔௫ െ ‫ܣ‬௠௜௡
(3.3)


݇ൌ
ܰ௠௔௫ െ ܰ௠௜௡


ܾൌ



‫ܣ‬௠௜௡ ή ܰ௠௔௫ െ ‫ܣ‬௠௔௫ ή ܰ௠௜௡

ܰ௠௔௫ െ ܰ௠௜௡

(3.4)

ȿɫɥɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ k ɢɥɢ b ɧɚɣɞɟɧɚ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ
‫ܣ‬௠௜௡ െ ܾ

(3.5)
݇ൌ

ܰ௠௜௡


ܾ ൌ ‫ܣ‬௠௜௡ െ ݇ ή ܰ௠௜௡

(3.6)

Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɵ (3.5), (3.6) ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (3.2).
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 3.1. ɇɚɣɬɢ ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɋɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɪɦɨɩɚɪɵ, ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɳɟɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɨɬ -30 ɞɨ +70°C ɢ ɜɵɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 10 ȼ (ɬ.ɟ.
ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 1000 ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɟ).
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ɇɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (3.3)
͹Ͳ െ ሺെ͵Ͳሻ
݇ൌ
ൌ Ͳǡͳ
ͳͲͲͲ െ Ͳ
ɇɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɋɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (3.6)
ܾ ൌ െ͵Ͳ െ Ͳǡͳ ή Ͳ ൌ െ͵Ͳ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 3.2. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɨɬ -50 ɞɨ +100°C ɢ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɢɯ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 10 ȼ. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ +40°C?
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ɇɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɋɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ (3.3), (3.6)
ͳͲͲ െ ሺെͷͲሻ
ൌ Ͳǡͳͷ
݇ൌ
ͳͲͲͲ െ Ͳ
ܾ ൌ െͷͲ െ Ͳǡͳͷ ή Ͳ ൌ െͷͲ
ɂɡ (3.1) ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ N
‫ ܣ‬െ ܾ ͶͲ െ ሺെͷͲሻ
ൌ
ൌ ͸ͲͲ
ܰൌ
Ͳǡͳͷ
݇

66

ʧ̣̌̏̌3.ʽ̶̵̸̵̨̨̨̨̡̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̺̖̪̬̦̪̼̪̭̯̬̖̦̪̬̬̥̥̬̱̖̥̼̣̖̭̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̍́̐̌̐̏

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 3.3. Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ 500 ɞɨ 3000
ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ ɢ ɜɵɞɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ 4 ɞɨ 20 ɦȺ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 1000 ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɟ.
Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ, ɢ ɤɚɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɭ 700?
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ɇɚɣɞɟɦ ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ (ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ).
Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ (3.3), (3.6)
ʹͲ െ Ͷ
ൌ ͲǡͲͳ͸
݇ൌ
ͳͲͲͲ െ Ͳ
ܾ ൌ Ͷ െ ͲǡͲͳ͸ ή Ͳ ൌ Ͷ
ɉɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (3.1) ɧɚɣɞɟɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ
‫ ܣ‬ൌ ͲǡͲͳ͸ ή ͹ͲͲ ൅ Ͷ ൌ ͳͷǡʹɦȺ
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɧɚɣɞɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɦɢ
ɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ, ɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɢ,
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɜ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɛɭɤɜɨɣ ɯ
ͳͷǡʹ െ Ͷ
ɯ െ ͷͲͲ
ൌ
ʹͲ െ Ͷ
͵ͲͲͲ െ ͷͲͲ
Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ
ͳͳǡʹ
ɯ ൌ ʹͷͲͲ
൅ ͷͲͲ ൌ ʹʹͷͲ ɨɛΤɦɢɧ
ͳ͸
ɉɨɞɜɟɞɟɦ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɢ:
1) Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 10 ȼ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 20 ɦȺ ɢɥɢ ɨɬ 4 ɞɨ 20 ɦȺ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.) ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ. ɗɬɨ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ, ɥɢɛɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.4. (ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ,
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ PT100 ɢɥɢ PT1000 ɞɥɹ
ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɨɬ -50 ɞɨ +200qC, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɟ
ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ).
2) Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 1000, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 5ȼ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɨ 500. ɉɨɬɨɦ ɷɬɨ ɱɢɫɥɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ.
3) Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ
ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ.
4) ɇɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 10 ȼ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌3.ʽ̶̵̸̵̨̨̨̨̡̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̺̖̪̬̦̪̼̪̭̯̬̖̦̪̬̬̥̥̬̱̖̥̼̣̖̭̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̍́̐̌̐̏

3.4. ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɲɢɧɵ
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɉɅɄ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɲɢɧɵ – ɭɧɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɢ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ
ɞɪɭɝɨɦ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɲɢɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɫ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ, ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɉɅɄ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɦɢ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɲɢɧɵ ɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɨɣ. ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɵ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɲɢɧ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ
ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ.

Ɋɢɫ. 3.5. ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɲɢɧɚ Modbus
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɲɢɧ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɚɹ
ɲɢɧɚ Modbus (ɪɢɫ. 3.5). ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɷɬɨɣ ɲɢɧɵ Modbus RTU ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɟ ɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɞɜɨɢɱɧɨɦ ɤɨɞɟ. ȼ ɫɟɬɢ Modbus ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨ ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɢ «ɨɛɳɚɹ ɲɢɧɚ», ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ master-slave (ɜɟɞɭɳɢɣ-ɜɟɞɨɦɵɣ). Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ
ɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ – ɜɟɞɭɳɟɝɨ, ɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ –
ɜɟɞɨɦɵɯ. Ɉɛɦɟɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ.
ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɦɭ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɥɸɛɨɦɭ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɦɭ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɭ ɢɥɢ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɜɟɞɨɦɵɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ. Ɂɚɩɪɨɫ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ
ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ. ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ RS-232, RS-485, RS-422.
ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ RS-232 ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɬɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ (ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌3.ʽ̶̵̸̵̨̨̨̨̡̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̺̖̪̬̦̪̼̪̭̯̬̖̦̪̬̬̥̥̬̱̖̥̼̣̖̭̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̍́̐̌̐̏

ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ “ɬɨɱɤɚ - ɬɨɱɤɚ”), ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ Modbus ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ RS-485. ɋɟɬɶ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ
ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɟ RS-485, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɜɢɬɨɣ ɩɚɪɵ c ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ 120 Ɉɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɦɟɯ
ɷɤɪɚɧ (ɨɩɥɟɬɤɚ) ɜɢɬɨɣ ɩɚɪɵ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ, ɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ. ȼɵɛɨɪ
ɬɨɱɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɹɬɶ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ, ɧɟ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ, ɧɨ,
ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɷɤɪɚɧ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɰɨɜ (ɪɢɫ. 3.6).

Ɋɢɫ. 3.6. ȼɢɬɚɹ ɩɚɪɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ RS-485
ɇɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɯ ɞɨ 600 ɦ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɢɬɭɸ ɩɚɪɭ ɫ ɦɟɞɧɨɣ
ɠɢɥɨɣ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ 0,35 ɦɦ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɄɆɆ 2ɯ0,35). Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ
600 ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ.
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ RS-485 ɥɟɠɢɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ɋɭɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɦ.
ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ (ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ A) ɢɞɟɬ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɚ ɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ
(ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ B) – ɟɝɨ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɚɹ ɤɨɩɢɹ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ "1",
ɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ "0" ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɜɢɬɨɣ ɩɚɪɵ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ: ɩɪɢ "1" ɨɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ, ɩɪɢ "0" –
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. 3.7).

Ɋɢɫ. 3.7. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɭ RS-485
ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɫɢɧɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɟɯɟ. ɋɢɧɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɩɨɦɟɯɭ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɧɚ ɨɛɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ. Ʉ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ,
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɜɨɥɧɚ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɧɚɜɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ. ɇɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɥɟɝɚɸɬ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɞɪɭɝ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ, ɢ
ɜɞɨɛɚɜɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɬɵ, ɬɨ ɧɚɜɨɞɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɦɟɯɢ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɯ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɧɭɥɸ ɢ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɩɨɦɟɯɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌3.ʽ̶̵̸̵̨̨̨̨̡̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̺̖̪̬̦̪̼̪̭̯̬̖̦̪̬̬̥̥̬̱̖̥̼̣̖̭̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̍́̐̌̐̏

Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ RS-485 ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɜɢɬɨɣ ɩɚɪɵ. Ʉ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ
ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ (ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ).
Ⱦɥɢɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɲɥɟɣɮɵ) ɨɬ ɦɚɝɢɫɬɪɚɥɢ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɧɟ
ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ. ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ RS-485 ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɫ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ A ɢ B, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.8.

Ɋɢɫ. 3.8. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ RS-485
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɫ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ R = 120 Ɉɦ (0.25 ȼɬ). ȿɫɥɢ ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɱɢɤ, ɢ ɨɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ.
ȼ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ PC-ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ (ɧɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ) ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ RS-485 ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɚɞɚɩɬɟɪ - ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ RS-485/232 ɢɥɢ USB/RS-485. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ RS-485 ɤ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 3.9.

Ɋɢɫ. 3.9. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ RS-485 ɤ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ
ȼɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ Modbus ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɥɢɧɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ Modbus ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ Ethernet TCP/IP ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ
ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ Modbus TCP - ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ Ethernet. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ
ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɭ Modbus TCP ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɥɸɛɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ,
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ-ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ TCP/IP.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌3.ʽ̶̵̸̵̨̨̨̨̡̡̨̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̛̛̺̖̪̬̦̪̼̪̭̯̬̖̦̪̬̬̥̥̬̱̖̥̼̣̖̭̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̍́̐̌̐̏

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
1. ɑɟɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ ɨɬ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ?
2. ɂɡ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɉɅɄ?
3. Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ Ⱥɐɉ ɢ ɐȺɉ ɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚɯ.
4. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɞɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɉɅɄ ɢ ɱɟɦ ɨɧɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ?
5. ȼ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ?
6. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɚɣɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ 1 Ɇɛɚɣɬ?
7. ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɉɁɍ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ?
8. Ʉɚɤɢɦɢ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ
ɉɅɄ?
9. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ?
10. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ?
11. Ɉɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɉɅɄ.
12. ȼ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɉɅɄ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ?
13. ɑɟɦ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɟɯɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ RS-485?
14. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɨɬ (–50°ɋ) ɞɨ (+100°ɋ). ɇɚɣɬɢ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ +60°ɋ.
15. Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ ɭɝɥɨɜɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 3000 ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ. ɇɚɣɬɢ ɭɝɥɨɜɭɸ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ 650.
16. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 21 ɞɨ 47 ɜɨɥɶɬ. Ɋɚɡɪɹɞɧɨɫɬɶ
Ⱥɐɉ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɞ, ɪɚɜɧɚ 8 (n=8).
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɲɚɝ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ.

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ȽɅȺȼȺ 4. ɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊɕ
SIEMENS LOGO!
4.1. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ
ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ Siemens ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ (ɉɅɄ) ɫɟɪɢɢ Simatic S7 ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ LOGO,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ (ɉɅɊ).
Simatic – ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡ ɫɥɨɜ «Siemens» ɢ «Automatic». ɍ
ɢɫɬɨɤɨɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɫɬɨɹɥɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ S7-200, ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɫɹ ɜ 1992 ɝɨɞɭ.
Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɟɪɢɢ – SIMATIC S7-1200 ɢ SIMATIC S7-1500.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.1. ɉɅɄ Simatic S7-1200
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ SIMATIC S7-1200 (ɪɢɫ. 4.1) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ɍɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ
SIMATIC S7-1500 (ɪɢɫ. 4.2) ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ
SIMATIC ET 200 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ SIMATIC S7-1500S ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.2. ɉɅɄ Simatic S7-1500
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ SIMATIC S7-1200 ɢ SIMATIC S7-1500S ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ TIA Portal (Totally Integrated Automation Portal).
ȼ TIA Portal ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɩɚɤɟɬɵ:
 Simatic Step 7 ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ S7-1200, S71500, S7-300,
S7-400 ɢ WinAC;
 Simatic WinCC ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨ-ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ (ɨɬ
ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ ɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ ɞɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
SCADA);

72

ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

Sinamics StartDrive ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɨɜ Sinamics;
Simatic PLCSIM - ɫɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɉɅɄ;
 Simatic Step 7 Safety;
 Simatic Visualization Architect;
 Simatic Energy Suite.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ. ɇɚ
ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ STEP 7 Basic (Professional) V15 (ɢɥɢ
TIA Portal 15) Service Pack 1.
Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ LOGO! (ɪɢɫ. 4.3) – ɷɬɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨ ɢɥɢ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɨɞɭɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɚ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ í 0BA3. Ɍɟɤɭɳɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ –
0BA8. Ʉɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɞɚɧɢɣ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ:
 ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ, ɞɜɟɪɹɦɢ, ɜɨɪɨɬɚɦɢ,
ɪɨɥɶɫɬɚɜɧɹɦɢ;
 ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ;
 ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ (ɧɚɫɨɫɚɦɢ, ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚɦɢ,
ɩɪɟɫɫɚɦɢ);
 ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɹɯ
ɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ;
 ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɜɨɦ ɜ ɨɪɚɧɠɟɪɟɹɯ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɢɰɚɯ;
 ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ (ȺȼɊ, Ⱥɉȼ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.);
 ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ;
 ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɵɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ.



Ɋɢɫ. 4.3. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ Siemens LOGO! a) ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO! Basic, ɛ) ɦɨɞɭɥɶ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ

73

ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

ȼɫɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ LOGO! ɦɨɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ 35 ɦɦ DIN-ɪɟɣɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɫɤɭɸ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɲɢɧɭ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɦɢ, ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɤ
ɧɟɦɭ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ (ɪɢɫ. 4.4) ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ
ɲɢɧɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɝɨ
ɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɲɬɢɮɬɵ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɚɡɵ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɲɢɧɵ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɡɚɳɟɥɤɭ
ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.4. Ɇɨɞɭɥɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ

4.2. Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ LOGO!


ɋɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɨ LOGO! ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ:
Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ:
LOGO! Basic ɫ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟɦ;
LOGO! Pure ɛɟɡ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ.
Ɇɨɞɭɥɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ:
8- ɢ 16-ɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ DM8 ɢ DM16;
2-ɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ AM2, AM2 RTD (AM2 RTD
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ PT100);
 2-ɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ AM2 AQ.
x 4-ɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɬɨɪɵ Industrial Ethernet LOGO! CSM.
x Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO! CMR 2020 ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ GSM/GPS ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
x Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ LOGO! TDE.
x Ɇɨɞɭɥɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɢ 3-ɮɚɡɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ LOGO! Contact.
x Ɇɨɞɭɥɢ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ LOGO! Power.
x Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ.
x ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ LOGO! Soft Comfort.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ Siemens ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɬɪɟɯ
ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ: LOGO! 0BA6, LOGO! 0BA7 ɢ LOGO! 0BA8. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ
x


x



74

ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ LOGO! 0BA8. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ
LOGO! 0BA6 ɢ 0BA7 ɜ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ. ȼɫɟ ɛɟɡ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɦɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɨɞɭɥɢ LOGO! 0BA6 ɢ 0BA7 ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɨɞɭɥɢ LOGO! 0BA8 ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɦɢ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 4.1.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.1
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ

LOGO! 0BA6

LOGO! 0BA7

LOGO! 0BA8

ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ

72 ɦɦ

108 ɦɦ

72 ɦɦ

ɉɨɪɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ,
RS232

Ethernet
10/100 Ɇɛɢɬ

Ethernet
10/100 Ɇɛɢɬ

ȼɧɟɲɧɹɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ

LOGO!
Memory Card

ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ
SD ɤɚɪɬɚ

ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ
Micro
SD
ɤɚɪɬɚ

ɑɚɫɵ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ

ȿɫɬɶ

ȿɫɬɶ

ȿɫɬɶ

400

400

Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ
ɛɥɨɤɨɜ

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ 200

Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ Ethernet

ɇɟɬ

ȿɫɬɶ

ȿɫɬɶ

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ
(ɦɚɤɪɨɫɵ)

ɇɟɬ

ȿɫɬɶ

ȿɫɬɶ

ɇɟɬ

ȿɫɬɶ

ȿɫɬɶ

ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ
ɧɨɜɵɯ ɇɟɬ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ

ȿɫɬɶ

ȿɫɬɶ

Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ 24
ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ

24

24

Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ –
Ethernet

64

64

Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ 16
ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ

16

20

Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ

64

64

Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ

ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ

ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ –

75

ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

ɱɟɪɟɡ Ethernet
Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ 8
ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ

8

8

Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ –
ɱɟɪɟɡ Ethernet

32

32

Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ 2
ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ

2

8

Ʉɨɥ-ɜɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ –
ɱɟɪɟɡ Ethernet

16

16

ȼɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ Web ɫɟɪɜɟɪ

–

ȿɫɬɶ

–

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ:
1) ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ.
2) ȼ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɨɩɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɦɨɞɭɥɹɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ 0BA6.
ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ 12/ 24 ȼ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
24 ȼ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 115/ 230 ȼ. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ (ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ). ȼɫɟ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɵ 8 ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɢ 4 ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦɢ.
ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɫ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ 12/24 ȼ ɢɥɢ 24 ȼ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ
ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ:
 ɜɫɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ;
 ɜɯɨɞɵ I1, I2, I7 ɢ I8 ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ 0…10 ȼ ɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ
ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɞɜɭɯ (I7 ɢ I8) ɢɥɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ;
 ɜɯɨɞɵ I1, I2, I3 ɢ I4 ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɞɨ 5
ɤȽɰ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.5 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ,
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ AM2. Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ 24 ȼ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɵɟ
ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɫ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɨɤɨɦ 0,3 Ⱥ. Ʉ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ I7, I8 ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɫ
ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ 0…10 ȼ. ȼɯɨɞɵ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ AM2
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ, ɤ ɧɢɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ 0…10 ȼ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫ ɬɨɤɨɜɵɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ 0-20
ɦȺ/4-20 ɦȺ.

76

ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

Ɋɢɫ. 4.5. Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ
ȼɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɟɪɤɨɧɨɜɵɯ
ɪɟɥɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ. ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɫ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɞɜɚ
ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨ-ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
Ɋɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɤɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! ɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ:
x 12/24: ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ 12/24 ȼ;
x 24: ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɥɢɛɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ, ɥɢɛɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ 24 ȼ;
x 230: ɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ 115 - 240 ȼ;
x R: ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ (ɛɟɡ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ «R» –ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɫ
ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɥɸɱɚɦɢ);
x C: ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ;
x o: ɜɟɪɫɢɹ LOGO! Pure ɛɟɡ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ (ɛɟɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ – ɜɟɪɫɢɹ LOGO!Basic ɫ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟɦ ɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɨɣ) ;
x ȿ: ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ Ethernet;
x DM: ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ (DM8 – 4 ɜɯɨɞɚ ɢ 4 ɜɵɯɨɞɚ;
DM16 – 8 ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ 8 ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ);
x AM: ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ;
x CM: ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɞɭɥɶ EIB/KNX);
x TD: ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ.
Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.6.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

Ɋɢɫ. 4.6. Ɇɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ

4.3. Ɇɨɞɭɥɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ
ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɦɟɧ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɲɢɧɭ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO! 0BA8 ɫ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɨ 24 ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨ 8 ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɜɯɨɞɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨ 20 ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨ 8 ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ
ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɦ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ, ɩɨɬɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɵɤɨɜɤɢ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɷɬɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ. Ⱦɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! ɞɪɭɝ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɢ ɤ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɦɨɞɭɥɸ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 4.2.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.2
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ
ɦɨɞɭɥɶ

ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ
DM8
12/24R

DM8 24
DM16 24

DM8 24R
DM16 24R

78

DM8
230R
DM16
230R

AM2,
AM2 RTD
AM2 AQ

ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

LOGO!12/24 RCE
(RCEo)

+

+

+

–

+

LOGO!24 CE (CEo)

+

+

+

–

+

LOGO!24 RCE
(RCEo)

+

+

+

–

+

LOGO!230 RCE
(RCEo)

–

–

–

+

+

LOGO!DM8 12/24 R

+

+

+

–

+

LOGO!DM8 24

+

+

+

–

+

LOGO!DM8 24R

+

+

+

–

+

LOGO!DM8 230R

–

–

–

+

+

LOGO!DM16 24

+

+

+

–

+

LOGO!DM16 24R

+

+

+

–

+

LOGO!DM16 230R

–

–

–

+

+

LOGO!AM2

+

+

+

–

+

LOGO!AM2 RTD

+

+

+

–

+

LOGO!AM2 AQ

+

+

+

–

+

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ:
1. Ɂɧɚɤɨɦ «+» ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ.
2. ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɦɨɞɭɥɸ LOGO! ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ LOGO! TDE.
Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ LOGO! 0BA7 ɢ LOGO! 0BA8 ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɵ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦ
ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɦ Ethernet ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɦɢ
LOGO! ȼ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɝɨ,
ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ – ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜɟɞɨɦɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ. Ʉ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɦɭ ɦɨɞɭɥɸ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ ɞɨ 8 ɜɟɞɨɦɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɣ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ. ȼɟɞɨɦɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɟ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ.
Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɣ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɬɶ:
 ɞɨ 64 ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ (NI1 …NI64),
 ɞɨ 64 ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ (NQ1 … NQ64),
 ɞɨ 32 ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ (NAI1 … NAI32)
 ɞɨ 16 ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ (NAQ1 … NAQ16).

79

ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɚɡɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɬɨɪ TIA Selection Tool, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɜɫɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɸ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɫ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɦɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨɬ
ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɬɨɪ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ ɜ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ ɩɨ ɚɞɪɟɫɭ: www.siemens.com/tia-selection-tool.
Ɇɨɞɭɥɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ:
 LOGO! DM8 ɫ 4 ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ 4 ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ.
 LOGO! DM16 ɫ 8 ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ 8 ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ.
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɲɢɧɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! DM ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɟɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɢɩ ɬɨɤɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɨɧ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɟ ɜɫɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ LOGO! DM
ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɵ ɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɡɚɦɢ ɢ ɲɬɢɮɬɚɦɢ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɲɢɧɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɲɬɢɮɬɵ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɲɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɚɡɵ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ:
 Ɇɨɞɭɥɢ DM8/DM16 ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɦ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ
ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɬɨɤɚ.
 Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɦ
ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ.

4.4. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ
ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ LOGO! ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɤɚɛɟɥɢ ɫ ɦɟɞɧɵɦɢ
ɠɢɥɚɦɢ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬ 1.5 ɞɨ 2.5 ɦɦ2. Ʉ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ 2.5 ɦɦ2 ɢɥɢ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɚ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ
1.5 ɦɦ2 .
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɐɟɩɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɟɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ:
 ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ 0.8 Ⱥ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO! 12/24;
 ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ 2.0 Ⱥ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO! 24.
ɐɟɩɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɨɤɫɢɞɧɵɦ
ɜɚɪɢɫɬɨɪɨɦ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ 120%-ɨɟ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɫɬɨɪ S10K275 (ɪɢɫ. 4.7).

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

Ɋɢɫ. 4.7. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ. ȼ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɯ LOGO! 12/24 ɢ LOGO! 24 ɜɫɟ
ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɨɞɧɭ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɯ LOGO! 230 ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ: I1 … I4 ɢ I5 … I8. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ
ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɮɚɡɵ. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɤ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɮɚɡɚɦ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! 12/24 ɢ LOGO! 24 ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ
ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 0…10 ȼ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ 24 ȼ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ 6.6 ɤɈɦ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨ 12 ȼ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɟɧ. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ. Ɍɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɵ ɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ
ɨɬ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ.
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ 0.3 Ⱥ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ 24 ȼ.
ȼ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɯ ɫ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɜɫɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɪɭɝ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ “ɫɭɯɢɯ” ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɐɟɩɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɚ 16 Ⱥ.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ DM8 ɢ DM16. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɵ ɢ ɞɥɹ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ DM8 ɢ DM16 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɣ.

4.5. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ LOGO! Soft Comfort


4.5.1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɨɪ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ. ȼɫɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ
ɞɜɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ GF (General Functions) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ SF (Special Functions) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɚɛɨɪ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɵ, ɬɚɣɦɟɪɵ, ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ,
ɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɵ, ɱɚɫɵ ɢ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɢ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ,
ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɪ. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ 200 ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! 0BA6 ɢ 400 ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ
ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! 0BA7 ɢ 0BA8. ɗɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO! ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ
ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɭɸ ɜ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɬɟɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɪɟɦɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ:
 ɫ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO! Basic;
 ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ;
 ɫ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ LOGO! Soft Comfort.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! ɫ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɦɨɞɭɥɹ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ FBD. ɗɬɨɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! Basic ɫ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟɦ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ
ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɡ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ
ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ. Ƚɨɬɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ,
ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO! ȼɫɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɦɟɧɸ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ – ɷɬɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɟɦɤɢɣ ɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ,
ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ
ɬɢɩ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ/ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ
ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɦɨɞɭɥɹ/ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ LOGO! Pure ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ, ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɱɟɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ȼ LOGO! Basic ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɸ,
ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ/ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜ
ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ LOGO! Soft Comfort.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ LOGO! Soft Comfort ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ LAD (Ladder Diagram) ɢɥɢ FBD (Function Block Diagram).
Ⱦɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɦɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɜ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ
ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ, ɨɬɥɚɞɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO! Ƚɨɬɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ/ɤɚɪɬɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɟ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ. Ɍɟɤɭɳɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ LOGO! Soft Comfort V8.0 ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ LOGO! ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɣ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɉɈ
LOGO!Soft Comfort, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ.
4.5.2. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ (ɉɈ) LOGO!Soft
Comfort ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɗɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɧɟ
ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɟɞɶɦɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɉɈ
(V7.0), ɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɫɶɦɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ (V8.0). ȼ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɬɟɯ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɫɶɦɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ.

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Ɋɢɫ. 4.8. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ V7.0 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.8, ɝɞɟ
ɰɢɮɪɚɦɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ:
1 –ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ;
2 –ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ. ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ;
3 –ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɦɟɧɸ;
4 – ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ;
5 – ɜɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɨɤɨɧ;
6 – ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ;
7 – ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ;
8 – ɨɤɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ;
9 – ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. (ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ «ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ»).
ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨɡ.1) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.9 ɢ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ:

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Ɋɢɫ. 4.9. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
1 – ɫɤɪɵɬɶ/ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ;
2 – ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ;
3 – ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ;
4 – ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɥɟɦɦɵ;
5 – ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ;
6 – ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ;
7 – ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ;
8 – ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɬɶ/ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ;
9 – ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ;
10 – ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨɡ. 9) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.10.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.10. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ «ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ» (ɧɚɠɚɬɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ 9 ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ) ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɰɢɢ ɢ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ:
1 – ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ;
2 – ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ (ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢ) ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ;
3 – ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ;

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4 – ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ;
5 – ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ;
6 – ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ;
7 – ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ;
8 – ɩɚɭɡɚ;
9 – ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɜ ɩɨɲɚɝɨɜɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ;
10 – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɲɚɝɟ;
11– ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɩɨɲɚɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ;
12 – ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ;
13 – ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɬɟɤɭɳɭɸ ɞɚɬɭ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ (ɩɨɡ. 2) ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɶɦɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ
LOGO!Soft Comfort ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.11. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ LOGO! Soft Comfort V8
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɦɢ
ɜɟɪɫɢɹɦɢ:
x ɍɥɭɱɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ (GUI).
x Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ.
x Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɬɢ.
x Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹ Ethernet ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ.
x Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɫɟɬɢ.
x ɋɬɚɬɭɫɧɚɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɉɄ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ CSV.
x Ⱦɨ 400 ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɫɶɦɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ.
x 64 ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɮɥɚɝɚ.
x 64 ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɥɚɝɚ.
x 4 ɫɞɜɢɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ ɩɨ 8 ɛɢɬ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ.
x ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɬɚ, ɩɚɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ.
x ɂɦɩɨɪɬ/ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɬɨɜ.
x Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ.
x Ⱥɫɬɪɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɱɚɫɵ ɫ ɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ/ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.
x Ɉɮɥɚɣɧ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪ.
x Ɉɛɦɟɧ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɦɢ LOGO! ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ Drag
& Drop.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɉɈ LOGO!
Soft Comfort ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ;

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

Ɋɢɫ. 4.11. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ LOGO!Soft Comfort ɜɟɪɫɢɢ V8.0

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

4.5.3. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ LOGO!Soft Comfort ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ
ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ:
• ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ (LAD);
• ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦ (FBD).
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɵɤɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɫɯɟɦɚɦɢ, ɭɞɨɛɧɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɵɤɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɛɥɨɤɚɦɢ, ɭɞɨɛɧɟɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɵ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɋɟɪɜɢɫ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɨ
ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɵ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɟɦ ɜ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.12.
ɓɟɥɤɧɭɜ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɨɱɤɟ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɤɧɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ
Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦ, ɥɢɛɨ Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.12. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɩɰɢɟɣ ɢɡ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɦɟɧɸ Ɏɚɣɥ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɧɚɞɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ
ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɋɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɟɥɨɱɤɚ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ
ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɤɨɲɤɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɞɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɷɬɨ
ɨɤɧɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ, ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ, ɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɈɄ.
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ.
ɗɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ
ɧɚɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO!, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɵɜɨɞɚ
ɛɥɨɤɨɜ
ɧɚ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ
ɩɨɥɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ. ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɦ, ɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ.
Ȼɥɨɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɉɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ. ȼ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ (Constants) ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɯɨɞɵ, ɜɵɯɨɞɵ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪ. ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ (GF) ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ȼ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ (SF) ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɬɚɳɢɬɶ ɛɥɨɤ (ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ) ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ, ɧɚɞɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ
ɩɨ ɧɟɦɭ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ. Ȼɥɨɤ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ. ɂɥɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɬɚɳɢɬɶ ɛɥɨɤ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ,
ɡɚɠɚɜ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɤɭ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɬɨ
ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɛɥɨɤɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɞɥɹ ɛɥɨɤɚ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯ, ɦɢɧɭɬɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɚɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɜɚ
ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɤɚ ɛɥɨɤɚ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.13 ɞɥɹ ɛɥɨɤɚ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ – 5 ɫɟɤ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.13. Ɉɤɧɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɛɥɨɤɚ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɜɵɬɚɳɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɤ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɛɥɨɤɚɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ (ɩɨɡ. 3 ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.9) ɧɚ ɉɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɑɬɨɛɵ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɵɯɨɞ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɫ ɜɯɨɞɨɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ, ɧɚɞɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ
ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɤ,
ɡɚɠɚɬɶ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ, ɧɟ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɹ ɟɟ, ɩɨɬɹɧɭɬɶ ɥɢɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɭ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ
ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɤ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɵɲɢ ɜ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɬɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɤɚ ɫ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ
ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɠɢɪɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ.

89

ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢ, ɚ
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦɢ.
ɋɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ
ɛɥɨɤɨɜ:
9 Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɤ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ.
9 ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɯɨɞɭ.
9 ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɤɬɟ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɋɟɤɭɪɫɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɥɚɝɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ.
9 ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ.
9 ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ
ɜɯɨɞɚɦ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦ.
9 Ȼɥɨɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɭ ɩɨɥɸ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɯ ɧɚɞɨ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɳɟɥɤɧɭɜ ɩɨ ɧɢɦ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ
ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ «ɡɚɯɜɚɬɨɦ» ɢɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɦɵɲɢ. Ⱦɥɹ «ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ» ɛɥɨɤɨɜ
ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ, ɧɚɪɢɫɭɣɬɟ ɪɚɦɤɭ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ,
ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ. «Ɂɚɯɜɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ» ɛɥɨɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɭɝɥɚɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɨɞɢɧ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ, ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹ
ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ [Ctrl]. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɭɞɚɥɹɬɶ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟɣ [Del]. Ɇɨɠɧɨ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɪɟɡɚɬɶ, ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ
ɡɧɚɱɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɯ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ
ɳɟɥɱɤɨɦ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɦɵɲɢ. ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ
ɤɪɭɝɥɵɦɢ ɫɢɧɢɦɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɧɢɦɢ ɢ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɚɦɢ.
Ʉɪɭɝɥɵɟ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ
ɭɝɥɨɦ. Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɧɢɟ ɦɚɪɤɟɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɥɢɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ Ɋɚɡɪɟɡɚɬɶ/ɋɜɹɡɚɬɶ (ɧɨɠɧɢɰɵ) ɧɚ ɉɚɧɟɥɢ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɧɨɠɧɢɰɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ
ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɧɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɛɥɨɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ. Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɵ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɬɪɟɥɨɤ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. ɇɚɞ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɚɦɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɟɫɬɧɵɟ
ɫɫɵɥɤɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɢ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ. Ɋɚɡɪɟɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɶ, ɳɟɥɤɧɭɜ
ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɰɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɨɤɧɨ (ɪɢɫ. 4.14), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ.
Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ Ɋɚɡɪɟɡɚɬɶ/ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ
ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɨɜɤɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɢ ɡɚɩɭɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.

90

ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

Ɋɢɫ. 4.14. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ , ɧɚɞɨ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ
ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ɉɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɭ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ. ȿɳɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ Ɋɚɡɪɟɡɚɬɶ/ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɯɟɦ,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ.
ɇɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ
ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ
ɧɚ ɉɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨɡ. 7 ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.9). ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ
ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ, ɬɨ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɭ ɩɨɥɸ. ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ
ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ, ɬɨ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɭ ɩɨɥɸ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ, ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ (ɩɨɡ. 9 ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.9). ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
LOGO!Soft Comfort ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ
ɜɫɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɜ Ɉɤɧɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɤɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ
ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɦɟɧɸ ȼɢɞ > Ɉɤɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ [F4]. Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ [F2]. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
LOGO!Soft Comfort ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɉɚɧɟɥɶ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɛɟɝɭɳɢɯ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɤɨɜ ɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɣ ɛɭɤɜɨɣ I. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɜɢɞɟ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɟɤ ɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɭɤɜɨɣ Q. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ AI, ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ
ɜɵɯɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ AQ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɯɨɞɭ, ɬɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɥɡɭɧɤɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ, ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ.
Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɋɟɪɜɢɫ > ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ,
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ.

91

ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ
ɫɜɨɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ,
ɛɟɝɭɳɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɤɢ ɢ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɫɜɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɝɚɫɧɭɬɶ. Ɂɚ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɜ
ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɤɧɚɯ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɉɚɧɟɥɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ
ɜɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ.
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɉɚɧɟɥɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɷɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɨɤ ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ. ɗɬɚ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɚɜɚɪɢɸ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ.
ȼ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ Ɏɥɚɝɢ (ɦɚɪɤɟɪɧɵɟ
ɛɥɨɤɢ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɞɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ. Ɏɥɚɝ Ɇ8 ɜ ɩɭɫɤɨɜɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ «1», ɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɛɪɨɫ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ,
ɤɚɤ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɤɟɪ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 4.1. ȼ ɝɥɚɜɟ 2 ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ 2.1 ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 4.15.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.15. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɗɬɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɬɚɛɥ. 4.3)
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.3
A
0
0
1
1

B
0
1
0
1

92

Y
1
0
0
1

ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ Y ɪɚɜɧɨ «1», ɟɫɥɢ ɨɛɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ A ɢ B
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɵ «0» ɥɢɛɨ «1».
ɋɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɜ LOGO!Soft Comfort ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ (ɪɢɫ. 4.16),
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ (ɪɢɫ. 4.15).

Ɋɢɫ. 4.16. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɛɥɨɤɢ:
I1, I2 – ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ;
ȼ001, ȼ004 – ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ AND (ɂ);
ȼ002, ȼ005 – ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ OR (ɂɅɂ);
ȼ003 – ɛɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ NOT (ɇȿ);
Q1 – ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ.
Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ LOGO!Soft Comfort
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɞɜɭɦɹ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ: ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɥɨɤ NOT (ɛɥɨɤ ȼ003), ɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɤɭ
ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ (ɬɨɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɛɥɨɤɚ ȼ004). ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ
ɬɨɱɤɭ, ɧɚɞɨ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɛɥɨɤɚ.
ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɟɬɤɚ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɟɬɤɭ,
ɧɚɞɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ, ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ
ɨɤɧɟ ɨɩɰɢɸ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɋɟɬɤɚ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɭ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɨɩɰɢɢ
ȼɢɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.16 ɧɚ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɸ, ɬɨ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
4.5.4. Ɍɚɣɦɟɪɵ


Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɤ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɦ
Ɍɚɣɦɟɪɵ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɱɟ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ.
Ȼɭɞɟɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɯ ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦ, ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ.
ɇɚɱɧɟɦ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (ɛɥɨɤ B001) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.17. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɫ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ «I» (ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɯɨɞ) ɢ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ «Q» (ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ
ɜɵɯɨɞ). ɐɜɟɬɨɜɚɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɥɢɧɢɢ. ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ, ɰɜɟɬ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ «0» – ɫɢɧɢɣ, ɫ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ «1» – ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.17. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ «1» ɧɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɯɨɞ Trg, ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɱɟɬ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ȼ001. ɉɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ 5,5 ɫɟɤ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥ «1» ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ B001 ɢ
ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ Q1 ɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɰɜɟɬ ɫ ɫɢɧɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ. ȼɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
5,5 ɫ) ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ (ɪɢɫ. 4.18), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɞɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.18. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɛɥɨɤɚ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ȿɫɥɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɨɱɤɟ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɨɤɧɚ (ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɫɥɨɜɚ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞɵ), ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɱɚɫɵ, ɦɢɧɭɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɵ. ȼ
ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɨɬ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɵ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɢ
ɫɨɬɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 5 ɢ 50, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.18. Ɍɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɜɧɨ 5+50/100=5,5 ɫ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ «0» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ
Trg, ɜɵɯɨɞ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «0».

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Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.19. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (ɛɥɨɤ B002) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.19. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɫ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ «I1»
(ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɯɨɞ) ɢ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ «Q» (ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ).
ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥ «1» ɫɪɚɡɭ
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ, ɨɛɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ
«0» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ, ɜɵɯɨɞ Q1 ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣ ɨɬɫɱɟɬ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ȼ002. ɉɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ 5 ɫɟɤ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɟɣ. ȼɪɟɦɹ
ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ B002. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ 5 ɫɟɤ.
Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.20. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
4.20. ɉɪɢ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɦ ɳɟɥɱɤɟ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ (ɪɢɫ. 4.21), ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ 3 ɫɟɤ.) ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (6 ɫɟɤ.).

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

Ɋɢɫ. 4.21. Ɉɤɧɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ «1») ɧɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɯɨɞ Trg
, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ 3 ɫɟɤ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q1. ȼɵɯɨɞ
Q1 ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ Trg (ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ «0»)
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɨɬɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 6 ɫɟɤ., ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ 6 ɫɟɤ. ɜɵɯɨɞ Q1
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ.
ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.22.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.22. ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ Trg ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɨɬɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (TH) ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q. Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ Trg
ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɨɬɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (TL) ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.23. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ
Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.23. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɜɯɨɞɚ: Trg (Trigger) – ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɢ R (Reset) – ɫɛɪɨɫ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q1 ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ.
4.23 ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɜɧɨ 5 ɫɟɤ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ «0») ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ
Trg, ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q1 ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ «0» ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ, ɜɵɯɨɞ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ
«1». ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɛɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ «0» ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɶ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ «1» ɧɚ
ɜɯɨɞ R.
ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ (ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ).

Ɋɢɫ. 4.24. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ
Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ (ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 4.24. ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɬ.ɟ. «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɞɚɟɬ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ «0». Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.24 ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
ɡɚɞɚɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 3 ɫɟɤ. Ɉɬɫɱɟɬ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ȼ001. Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ ɬɪɟɯ
ɫɟɤɭɧɞ, ɜɵɯɨɞ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ.
Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.25. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ
ɨɞɢɧ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ, ɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ
ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ (ɫɟɪɢɸ) ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ.

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Ɋɢɫ. 4.25. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ (TH), ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɭɡɵ (TL) ɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.26. Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 2 ɫɟɤ, ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɭɡɵ – 5 ɫɟɤ, ɱɢɫɥɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ – 3. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ: ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ Trg
ɱɟɪɟɡ 5 ɫɟɤ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 2 ɫɟɤ. ɉɨ
ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ 2 ɫɟɤ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɍɚɤ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ 3 ɪɚɡɚ. ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ R
ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɜ «0» ɧɟ ɞɨɠɢɞɚɹɫɶ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ
ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɧɢɸ ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɢ ɜ ɉɚɧɟɥɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.26. Ɉɤɧɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɩɨ
ɮɪɨɧɬɭ

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Ⱥɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.27. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ⱥɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ
Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ⱥɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.27. ɗɬɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɚɹ ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɩɨ
ɮɪɨɧɬɭ, ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɫɟɪɢɸ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ. ɇɨ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɡɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ, ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ
ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɨ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɬɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.27 ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ – 2
ɫɟɤ, ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɭɡɵ – 5 ɫɟɤ. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ: ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ
ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ En. ɇɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «1».
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ 2 ɫɟɤ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɚɭɡɚ 5 ɫɟɤ ɢ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɰɢɤɥ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ Inv ɩɨɞɚɬɶ «1», ɬɨ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɚɭɡɚ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ
ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ. ɉɚɭɡɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 2 ɫɟɤ, ɚ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ – 5 ɫɟɤ. ɉɪɢ
ɩɨɞɚɱɟ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ En ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɭɡɚ 2 ɫɟɤ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ 5 ɫɟɤ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ «0»
ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ En. Ɂɚ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɚɭɡ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɧɢɸ
ɥɚɦɩɨɱɤɢ ɜ ɉɚɧɟɥɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ.
Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.28. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ
Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
4.28. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚɦɢ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.28 ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 3 ɫɟɤ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ TH (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ TH=3 ɫɟɤ). Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 6 ɫɟɤ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ TL (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ TL=6 ɫɟɤ). ȼɪɟɦɹ TH ɢ
TL ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ
ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ ȼ001. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ: ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

«0» ɜ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ En ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q1.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɠɞɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ. ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ
«1» ɜ «0» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ En ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q1.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɠɞɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ
ɰɢɤɥɵ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɭɸ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ
ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ/ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ.
ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.29. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ
Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.29. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ, ɜɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɥɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ. ɇɨ ɜɚɦ ɟɳɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɣɬɢ ɞɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɢ ɜɵɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɭ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɜɟɬ ɧɚ
ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɝɚɫɧɭɬɶ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ, ɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɸ
ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ. ɇɨ
ɪɚɧɟɟ ɦɵ ɭɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ. ɑɟɦ ɠɟ
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɨ: ɡɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɚ, ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɝɚɫɧɭɬɶ (ɦɨɪɝɧɭɬɶ), ɤɚɤ ɛɵ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɹ ɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ. ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
(T!) ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ (T!L) ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.30. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ
40 ɫɟɤ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ – 10 ɫɟɤ, ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ – 3
ɫɟɤ. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ: ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ Trg ɢɡ
«1» ɜ «0» (ɩɨɞɚɱɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ «0» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ Trg, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɞɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ
«1») ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ 40 ɫɟɤ). Ɂɚ 10 ɫɟɤ ɞɨ
ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɱɟɪɟɡ 30 ɫɟɤ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɥɢ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɫɜɟɬ ɧɚ 3 ɫɟɤ ɩɨɝɚɫɧɟɬ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶ ɝɨɪɟɬɶ
ɟɳɟ 7 ɫɟɤ, ɩɨɤɚ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 40 ɫɟɤ.

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Ɋɢɫ. 4.30. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ
Ɇɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.31. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ɇɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ɇɧɨɝɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.31. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ. ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ
ɨɤɨɥɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ (ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ), ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ:
30 ɫɟɤ – ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (T);
3 ɦɢɧ – ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ (TL);
10 ɫɟɤ – ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ (T!);
3 ɫɟɤ – ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ (T!L).
ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ
ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ.

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Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ Trg
ɢɡ «0» ɜ «1» ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 3 ɦɢɧ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ, ɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɛɭɞɟ ɝɨɪɟɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ. ɇɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ 3 ɦɢɧ. ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ (ɩɨɞɚɬɶ «0» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ Trg), ɬɨ ɫɜɟɬ ɩɨɝɚɫɧɟɬ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ 30 ɫɟɤ. ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚ 10 ɫɟɤ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɞɚɧ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ 3 ɫɟɤ.
ɋɟɦɢɞɧɟɜɧɵɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.32. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɋɟɦɢɞɧɟɜɧɵɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ
Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɋɟɦɢɞɧɟɜɧɵɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.32.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ LOGO! ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧ
ɱɚɫɚɦɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɇɚɩɨɦɧɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɛɭɤɜɭ C, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, LOGO! 12/24RC. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɪɟɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q1 ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.32
ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɢɤ, ɜɬɨɪɧɢɤ (Monday, Tuesday),
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ 00:00 ɱɚɫɨɜ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ 05:59 ɱɚɫɨɜ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɭ, ɱɟɬɜɟɪɝ (Wednesday, Thursday), ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ 06:00 ɱɚɫɨɜ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ: 11:59 ɱɚɫɨɜ. Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɹɬɧɢɰɭ, ɫɭɛɛɨɬɭ, ɜɨɫɤɪɟɫɟɧɶɟ (Friday, Saturday, Sunday), ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ 12:00 ɱɚɫɨɜ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ: 23:59 ɱɚɫɨɜ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.33 ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟ_1 ɞɥɹ ɞɧɟɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ: ɩɨɧɟɞɟɥɶɧɢɤ, ɜɬɨɪɧɢɤ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ_3 ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɧɚɞ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ_2, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ_2 ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɧɚɞ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ_1.

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Ɋɢɫ. 4.33. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɋɟɦɢɞɧɟɜɧɵɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ
ȼ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɢ Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.34 ɟɫɬɶ ɨɩɰɢɹ ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɤɟ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɩɰɢɢ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ, ɬɨ ɨɩɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚ
ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ Pulse ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.32 ɫɬɨɢɬ ɛɭɤɜɚ N (NO). ȿɫɥɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɨɩɰɢɢ
ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɭ, ɬɨ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ Pulse ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɭɤɜɚ Y
(Yes), ɚ ɨɩɰɢɹ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɚɯ ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟ
ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q1 ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ «1», ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ
ɜɵɯɨɞ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ «0», ɬ.ɟ. ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɩɰɢɹ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ. Ɉɩɰɢɹ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.34. ȼɤɥɚɞɤɚ Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɋɟɦɢɞɧɟɜɧɵɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

ɉɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɋɟɦɢɞɧɟɜɧɵɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ «ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɬɟɤɭɳɭɸ ɞɚɬɭ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ (ɱɚɫɵ)» ɜ ɉɚɧɟɥɢ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨɡ 13).
Ƚɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.35. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ƚɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ
Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ƚɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.35.
ȼɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɞɚɬɨɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɜ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨɦ, ɟɠɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ. ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɉɟɪɢɨɞ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɞɚɬ ɨɬ 1 ɹɧɜɚɪɹ 2000 ɝɨɞɚ ɞɨ 31 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ
2099 ɝɨɞɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.36.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.36. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ƚɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɢ ɞɧɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ.
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɢ ɞɧɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ
ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ: ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɝɨɞ, ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɟɫɹɰ, ɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟ ɞɟɧɶ. ȿɫɥɢ
ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɨɩɰɢɸ ȿɠɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɨ, ɬɨ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɜ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ. Ƚɨɞ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ. Ƚɨɞ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ
ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ 2099. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɟ ɛɥɨɤ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ
ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɨ, ɜɵɯɨɞ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɝɨɞ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɢ ɞɟɧɶ, ɢ ɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɨ
ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɝɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɟɧɶ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɮɥɚɠɨɤ ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ, ɬɨ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɰɢɤɥ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ
ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɜ ɟɠɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ
ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ
ɮɥɚɠɤɨɜ (ɟɠɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɵɣ, ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ) ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ, ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ
ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɜ, ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ OR.
4.5.5. ɋɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ


Ɋɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.37. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ɋɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ
Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ: Ɋɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ, ɋɱɟɬɱɢɤ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɉɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɋɱɟɬɱɢɤɢ. ɗɬɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ, ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ɋɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.37,
ɝɞɟ ɛɥɨɤ ȼ001 – ɪɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ, ɛɥɨɤ ȼ002 – ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ Ɋɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ Cnt, ɬ.ɟ.
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɡ «0» ɜ «1» (ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɡ «1» ɜ «0» ɧɟ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ).
ȼɯɨɞ R – ɫɛɪɨɫ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚ ɧɚ «0». ȼɯɨɞ Dir (Direction – ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɱɟɬɚ: Dir=0: ɜɜɟɪɯ, Dir=1: ɜɧɢɡ. Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ
ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɪɨɝɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ «1». ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɪɨɝɭ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɯɨɞ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ ȼ001, ɬɨ
ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 4.38.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.38. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ɋɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ
Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.37, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ.
Ⱥɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ȼ002 ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ 2 ɫ ɢ ɩɚɭɡɨɣ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ 2 ɫ. Ɉɬɫɱɟɬ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɪɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɨɦ
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɧɭɥɹ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ 5, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɯɨɞ
Q1. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ 10, ɜɵɯɨɞ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɨɞɚɱɚ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ
R ɨɛɧɭɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ, ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ.
ɉɨɤɚ R = 1, ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ Q1 ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ 0, ɢ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ
Cnt ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ.
ɋɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɋɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
4.39. ɉɨɞ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ
ɰɢɤɥɚ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

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Ɋɢɫ. 4.39. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɋɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ɋɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɛɥɨɤ ȼ001) ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɯɨɞ En. ȼ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɩɨɞɚɱɢ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ En ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɨɬɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɨɣ MI, «1» ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q1. ɇɚ
ɪɢɫ. 4.39 ɜɪɟɦɹ MI ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 8 ɱɚɫ. Ȼɭɤɜɚɦɢ OT ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɩɪɨɲɥɨ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ En. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ MN = MI – OT. ȼɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɞ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ȼ001. ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ MI ɢ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ OT ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.40.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.40. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɋɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
ȼɯɨɞɨɦ R ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɛɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q ɧɚ «0» ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ MI. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ OT ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ
ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ. ȼɯɨɞɨɦ Ral ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɛɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q ɧɚ «0» ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ
ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ MI. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ OT
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ «0».

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ɉɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ.

Ɋɢɫ. 4.41. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɉɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
Ȼɥɨɤ – ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɉɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.41.
Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ: ɩɨɪɨɝ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (ON), ɩɨɪɨɝ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (OFF) , ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɱɟɬɚ (G_T). Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ȼ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɨɬɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ,
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ 10 ɫɟɤ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ Fre ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɡ «0» ɜ «1» ɡɚ ɷɬɨɬ
ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ > 7, ɬɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q1 (ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ «1»). Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ «1» ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ
ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ Fre ɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 4 ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ. ɂɬɚɤ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ON
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ OFF ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɜɤɥɸɱɢɥɫɹ, ɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨ ɱɢɫɥɨ OFF. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.41 ɜɵɯɨɞ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɡ «0» ɜ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨ 5 ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ.
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ON ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɧɨ OFF. ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ, ɨɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɨɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦ.
ȼɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ON,
OFF, G_T ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.42.

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Ɋɢɫ. 4.42. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɉɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ
4.5.6. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɦ
ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɦ «Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ». ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ «0» ɢ «1».
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ AQ ɩɨ
ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɧɞɚɦɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɚ V1, V2, V3, V4, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ
-32768 ɞɨ 32767. Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ: +, –,
*, /. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ (ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ) ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ
ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚ: ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ («H» - High), ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ («M» Middle), ɧɢɡɤɢɣ («L» - Low). ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɦ, ɡɚɬɟɦ – ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦ, ɡɚɬɟɦ – ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ. Ɂɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɭ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɠɟ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ ɢ ɬɪɢ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ, ɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɜɢɞɚ « + 0» ɢɥɢ « * 1», ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɜɚɤɚɧɬɧɵɟ
ɦɟɫɬɚ.
Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.43.

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Ɋɢɫ. 4.43. Ȼɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 4.2. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ, ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ሺͳͲͲ െ ʹͲሻΤሺͳͲ ‫ʹ כ‬ሻ ൌǫ

Ɋɢɫ. 4.44. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ: 100, 20, 10, 2, ɢ ɬɪɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ:
«ɜɵɱɢɬɚɧɢɟ», «ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ», «ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ».
ɉɟɪɜɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɵɱɢɬɚɧɢɟ (100-20), ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɵ ɡɚɞɚɟɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ «ɜɵɱɢɬɚɧɢɟ» ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ
ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ – H. ȼɬɨɪɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ (10*2), ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɵ
ɡɚɞɚɟɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ «ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ» ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ – M. Ɍɪɟɬɶɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ (80/20), ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɵ ɡɚɞɚɟɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɭ «ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ» ɧɢɡɤɢɣ

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ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ – L. ȼ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ
ȼ001, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɵ, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.44.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɨ 4, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.43.
ȼɯɨɞ En ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ «0» ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɯɨɞ,
ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ «0» (ɷɬɚ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.44) , ɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɬɚɤ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ «0» ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɯɨɞ, ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ.
ɉɪɢ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ 0 ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ AQ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 32767, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ -32768.
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ Point – p (ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ) ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ V1, V2, V3, V4 ɢ AQ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 4.3. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ: 10/3=?

Ɋɢɫ. 4.45. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɞɜɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɜɚ
ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɟɦ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ
ɡɚɩɢɲɭɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.45. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ 3.0, ɬ.ɟ.
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɢɥɫɹ ɞɨ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ.

111

ʧ̣̌̏̌4.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐SiemensLOGO!

Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ, ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ. Ʉɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦɢ.
Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɟɫɥɢ Ax>Ay, ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɟɫɥɢ Ax19 ȼ DC/3 ɦA

ȼɵɯɨɞ ɞɨ 2 Ⱥ
(COM 5A)
–

ȼɵɯɨɞ ɞɨ 0,2 Ⱥ
(COM 2A)
–


ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ: ɦɢɧɭɫ 20 °ɋ (ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ 12 ɢɥɢ 24 ȼ);
=24 ȼ; ~ 220 ȼ
ɨɬ 90 ɞɨ 264 ȼ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ, ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ
ɬɨɤɚ (ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ 120/230 ȼ)

ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɟ
ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ

Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ

– ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ (ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ,
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɝɟɪɤɨɧɨɜ, ɪɟɥɟ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.)
– ɬɪɟɯɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ
ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ npn ɢɥɢ pnp – ɬɢɩɚ ɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ;
– ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɫ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨ 30 ȼ
– ɑɚɫɵ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ
ɛɚɬɚɪɟɣɧɵɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɦ.
– ȼɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ;
– Ɍɪɟɯɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.

ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Codesys, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ ɆɗɄ (IEC) 61131-3, ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɹɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

180

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

6.2. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ (ɉɅɊ) Ɉȼȿɇ
Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ Ɉȼȿɇ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ
ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɉɅɄ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜ ɜɜɨɞɚ-ɜɵɜɨɞɚ, ɦɟɧɶɲɢɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ,
ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ
ɦɨɧɨɛɥɨɱɧɨɣ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣ.
Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉȼȿɇ ɉɅɊ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɦ ɞɥɹ
ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ Ⱥɋɍ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ
ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɜ: RS-485 ɢɥɢ Ethernet.
Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟ,
ɀɄɏ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɟ.
Ʌɢɧɟɣɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ 4 ɦɨɞɟɥɢ:
ɉɊ110, ɉɊ114, ɉɊ100, ɉɊ200. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ ɉɊ200 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 6.2.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.2. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ ɉɊ200
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɉɅɊ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ Owen Logic. Ʌɢɧɟɣɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ:
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ, ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɢɬɪɢɧ;
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ (ɧɚɫɨɫɚɦɢ, ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɦɢ,
ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɟɫɫɚɦɢ);
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɪɨɬɚɦɢ, ɞɜɟɪɹɦɢ, ɠɚɥɸɡɢ;
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪɚɦɢ.

181

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɩɚɪɤɨɜɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ:
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ (ɩɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ, ɩɨ ɬɢɩɭ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ/ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ, ɩɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ
ɜɯɨɞɨɜ/ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ);
ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɩɭɫ ɧɚ DIN-ɪɟɣɤɭ;
ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ: -20...+55 °ɋ;
ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ);
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ RS-485;
ɩɪɨɫɬɚɹ, ɢɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦɢ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ;
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ.6.2
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6.2
ɉɊ110
Ʉɚɧɚɥɵ ɜɜɨɞɚ / ɜɵɜɨɞɚ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
8 ɢɥɢ 12
ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɇɟɬ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ
Ɍɢɩ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ

ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ –

ɉɊ114

ɉɊ100

ɉɊ200

8 (12)

Ⱦɨ 12

8

Ⱦɨ 4
Ⱦɨ 4
(ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɟɦ (ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚ
ɵɣ AI/DI)
ɟɦɵɣ
AI/DI)
0…10 ȼ;
0…10 ȼ;
4…20 ɦȺ;
4…20 ɦȺ;
ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ
ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ

Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ

4 ɢɥɢ 8 (Ɋ)

4 – 8 (Ɋ)

ɇɟɬ

Ⱦɨ 4 (Ɋ, Ʉ, ɋ, ɇɟɬ
Ɍ, ɂ, ɍ ɩɨ
ɡɚɤɚɡɭ)

Ɇɨɞɭɥɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ
ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɋɪɟɞɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ

ɇɟɬ

ɇɟɬ

=24 ȼ ɢɥɢ ~220 ȼ
Owen Logic
63

500

182

Ⱦɨ 8 (Ɋ)

ɇɟɬ

Ⱦɨ 4
(ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚ
ɟɦɵɣ
AI/DI)
0…10 ȼ;
4…20 ɦȺ;
0…4 ɤɈɦ;
ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵ
ɣ
Ⱦɨ 8 (Ɋ ɢɥɢ
Ʉ)
2 (ɂ –
4…20 ɦȺ)
ɢɥɢ
2 (ɍ –
0…10 ȼ)
2

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ȼɪɟɦɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ, ɦɫ, ɧɟ 3
1
1
ɦɟɧɟɟ
ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
USB
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
ɩɪɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ
ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɊɄɉ10 ɢɥɢ ɉɊ-Ʉɉ20.
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ
Ɍɢɩ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɇɚ DIN-ɪɟɣɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɫɬɟɧɧɨɟ
ɀɄ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ
ɇɟɬ
ɇɟɬ
ɇɟɬ
Ƚɚɛɚɪɢɬɵ, ɦɦ
110×73×63 110×73×96
110×73×96
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ
ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ

RS-485 (ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɉɊ-Ɇɂ485

–

ɉɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ

Modbus RTU/ASCII

–

miniUSB

ȿɫɬɶ
123ɯ90ɯ58

2ɯRS485
(ɩɥɚɬɚ ɉɊɂɉ485
Modbus
RTU/ASCII

Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 6.3.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6.3
ɈɛɨɡɌɢɩ
ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɱɟɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɧɢɟ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ – 1 Ⱥ
(ɞɥɹ ɉɂȾ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ), 8 Ⱥ (ɞɥɹ
Ɋ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ) ɩɪɢ 220 ȼ 50...60 Ƚɰ
ɢɥɢ 30 ȼ ɩɨɫɬ. ɬɨɤɚ
Ɍɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɨɩɬɨɩɚɪɚ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ – 400
Ʉ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ npn-ɬɢɩɚ
ɦȺ ɩɪɢ 60 ȼ ɩɨɫɬ. ɬɨɤɚ
ɋɢɦɢɫɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɨɩɬɨɩɚɪɚ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ – 50
ɦȺ ɩɪɢ 240 ȼ (ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ
ɋ
ɫɢɦɢɫɬɨɪ) ɢɥɢ 0,5 Ⱥ (ɫɢɦɢɫɬɨɪ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 50
Ƚɰ ɢ tɢɦɩ. = 5 ɦɫ)
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɐɢɮɪɨɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ – 0…1000 Ɉɦ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
ɂ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
«ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ–ɬɨɤ 4…20 ɦȺ» ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ 10...30 ȼ ɩɨɫɬ. ɬɨɤɚ
ɐɢɮɪɨɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ
ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ – ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 2 ɤɈɦ,
ɍ
«ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ–ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ 15...32 ȼ
0…10 ȼ»

183

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

Ɍ

ɋ3

ȼɵɯɨɞ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɬɜɟɪɞɨɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɥɟ
Ɍɪɢ
ɫɢɦɢɫɬɨɪɧɵɟ
ɨɩɬɨɩɚɪɵ (ɞɥɹ ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ)

ȼɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 4...6 ȼ,
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɤ 50 ɦȺ
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ – 50
ɦȺ ɩɪɢ 240 ȼ (ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɣ
ɫɢɦɢɫɬɨɪ) ɢɥɢ 0,5 Ⱥ (ɫɢɦɢɫɬɨɪ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 50
Ƚɰ ɢ tɢɦɩ. = 5 ɦɫ)

6.3. Ɇɨɧɬɚɠ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɬ
ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɮɢɞɟɪɚ, ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɳɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɉɅɊ ɨɬ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ. ȼɨ
ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɨɬ ɫɟɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɛɟɥɢ ɫ ɦɟɞɧɵɦɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɱɧɵɦɢ
ɠɢɥɚɦɢ, ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 0,75 ɦɦ2. Ɋɟɥɟɣɧɵɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 250 ȼ
ɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɦ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 5 Ⱥ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.3 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ
ɉɊ200.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.3. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɪɟɥɟ ɉɊ200
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.4 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ
ɉɊ200.

184

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

Ɋɢɫ. 6.4. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɪɟɥɟ ɉɊ200.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.5 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ
ɉɊ200.

185

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

Ɋɢɫ. 6.5. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɪɟɥɟ ɉɊ200
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.6 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ
ɉɊ200.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.6. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɪɟɥɟ ɉɊ200

186

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

6.4. ɋɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ OWEN LOGIC
6.4.1. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Owen Logic. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Owen Logic ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 6.7.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.7. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Owen Logic
1 – Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ.
2 – Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ ɷɤɪɚɧɨɜ (ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɉɅɊ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɟɫɬɶ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ).
3 – ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ.
4 – ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ.
5 – ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
6 – ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ.
7 – ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ (ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ).

187

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

8 – Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ (ɯɨɥɫɬ).
9 – ɋɬɪɨɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ.
10 – ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
11 – ɉɚɧɟɥɶ Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ/ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɦɟɧɸ ȼɢɞ. ɇɚ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ:
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ;
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɯɨɥɫɬɚ;
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ;
ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɧɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ, ɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɯɨɥɫɬɚ:
ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.7), ɧɚɞɨ
ɧɚɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɧɚ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ, ɢ ɡɚɠɚɬɶ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ
ɦɵɲɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɹɜɹɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɤɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɟɥɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɢ
ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɢɧɢɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.8. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ, ɧɟ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɹ ɥɟɜɭɸ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɤɨɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ. ɂ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɡɚɣɦɟɬ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ: ɫɜɟɪɯɭ, ɫɧɢɡɭ, ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ,
ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.8. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ

188

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ɋ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜɯɨɞɵ: Ix – ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ, AIx –
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ. ɋ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ: Qx – ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ (ɪɟɥɟ),
AOx – ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ, Fx – ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɵ. ȼɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɩɨ
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ drag&drop (ɬ.ɟ. ɩɭɬɟɦ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ). ɐɢɮɪɵ ɜ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ
ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ.
ɉɨɞ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɦ "ɋɯɟɦɚ" ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ:
ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ/ȼɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɫɟɬɤɭ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɥɢɧɢɢ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɟɬɤɟ.
ɍɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ. ɍɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɧɚ 10% ɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ.
Ɉɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ. ȼɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɤ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɭ.
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɚ ɧɚ 10% ɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ.
Ɂɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ.
ȼ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ "Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ" ɢ "Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ".
Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ "Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ" ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ
ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɤɧɚɯ, ɤɧɨɩɤɚ "Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ" – ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ
ɨɞɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ.
ȼ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ:
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ, Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ, Ɇɚɤɪɨɫɵ. ɇɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ
ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.9 ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɢ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.9. Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ƚɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɨ ɩɚɩɤɚɦ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɚɩɤɚɦ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.10. ɉɚɩɤɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɦ ɳɟɥɱɤɨɦ ɦɵɲɢ.

189

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

Ɋɢɫ. 6.10. Ƚɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɚɩɤɚɦ
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɢ Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ ɷɤɪɚɧɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɡɚɣɬɢ ɜ Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ɷɤɪɚɧɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɦɭ ɳɟɥɱɤɭ
ɧɚ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɜ Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɟ ɷɤɪɚɧɨɜ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.11 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɋɬɚɬɭɫɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɯ ɉɅɊ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.11. ɋɬɚɬɭɫɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ:
ɎȻ - ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ.
ɉɟɪɟɦ. - ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ.
ɗɋɉɉɁɍ - ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɞɥɹ Retain
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ.
ɉɁɍ - ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɉɁɍ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ: « 0…100 %».
ɈɁɍ - ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɈɁɍ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ: « 0…100 %». ɑɟɦ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ. OWEN Logic ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɭɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ.

190

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ɉɊx-x ( ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.11 ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ) – ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ OWEN Logic ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɟɥɟ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɉɅɊ.
COMx (ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.11 ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ) – ɧɨɦɟɪ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɨɪɬɚ.
6.4.2. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ, ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ Ɏɚɣɥ > ɇɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ. ȼ
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ (ɪɢɫ. 6.12) ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɉɅɊ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɟɤɬ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ "ɈɄ".

Ɋɢɫ. 6.12. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ
ȼ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ (ɯɨɥɫɬ) ɢ ɫɬɚɧɭɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ
ɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɭ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɫɹ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɚ Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ ɷɤɪɚɧɨɜ, ɝɞɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ
ɜɵɜɨɞ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ FBD ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ
ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɨɲɥɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɚ, ɨɧɚ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ. ɇɨ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɉɅɊ ɤ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɪɬ USB ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪ USB ɫ CD-ɞɢɫɤɚ,
ɜɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ, ɥɢɛɨ ɫɤɚɱɚɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ
owen.ru. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɧɚɞɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɷɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɋɈɆɩɨɪɬɚ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɨɪɬɚ. ɍɡɧɚɬɶ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɨɪɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.13.

191

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

Ɋɢɫ. 6.13. Ⱦɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.13 ɧɨɦɟɪ COM-ɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɉɊ200 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɫɹ, ɤɚɤ COM3. ɑɬɨɛɵ
ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɨɤɧɨ ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɨɪɬɚ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ
ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɨɪɬɚ.
6.4.3. Ɋɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɬɚɫɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ
ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɢɡ Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ "drag&drop" (ɪɢɫ. 6.14).

Ɋɢɫ. 6.14. ɉɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɧɚ Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ
ȼɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.15.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

Ɋɢɫ. 6.15. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.16.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.16. ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɇɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɢɡ Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ. ɑɬɨɛɵ
ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɛɥɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɧɚ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ, ɝɞɟ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɛɥɨɤ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.17. ȼɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ
ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ:
ɛɥɨɤ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ (ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ);
Ȼɥɨɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ (ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ).
ȼ OWEN Logic ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ:
ɛɭɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ (ɞɜɨɢɱɧɵɣ);
ɰɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɣ;
ɫ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ (ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ).
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ
ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɢɩɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ. Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ
ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɬɢɩɚ: ɛɭɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ, ɰɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ
ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ

193

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ɬɢɩɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɜ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.17. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 6.4.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6.4.
Ȼɭɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɬɢɩ

b1
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɭɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɬɢɩɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ
ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ:
«1» ɢɥɢ «0». ɇɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɭɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ
ɬɢɩɚ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ
ɱɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ

ɐɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ

i1

Ɍɢɩ
ɫ
ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ

ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ

f1

ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ
ɰɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɬɢɩɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ
4294967295. ɇɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɰɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɬɢɩɚ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦɢ
ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ:

ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ
ɬɢɩɚ
ɫ
ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ
ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ
ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ (–
3,402823466E+38)
ɞɨ
(+3,402823466E+38). ɇɚ
ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɚ
ɫ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ
ɮɢɨɥɟɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ:

ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɨ
ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɛɥɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɤɭ (...), ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 6.18.

194

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

Ɋɢɫ. 6.18. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ (...) ɨɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ (ɪɢɫ. 6.19), ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ
"ɈɄ". ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɤ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.19. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ, ɬɨ ɛɥɨɤ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɫɚɦɨɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɧɚ
ɬɢɩ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ. ȿɫɥɢ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɭ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɚ
ɰɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ, ɬɨ ɛɥɨɤ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ
ɰɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ «ɂ» ɢ «ɂɅɂ» ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ
ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ:
ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ «ɂ» – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1»;
ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ «ɂɅɂ» – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ «0».
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ.

195

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

6.4.4. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɩɚɧɟɥɶɸ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ


Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ
ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɦɟɧɸ ɋɟɪɜɢɫ > Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ.
Ɉɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɢɫ. 6.20. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ
ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɫ ɪɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɜ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.20. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɫ ɪɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ
ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ.
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ:
ɨɩɪɨɫ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɹɱɟɣɤɢ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ;
ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ;
ɱɬɟɧɢɟ/ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ;
ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ.
ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ 1 ɦɫ. ɇɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ. ɉɪɢɛɨɪ
ɫɚɦ ɩɨɞɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ʉ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ:
ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ (ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɨɜ);
ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ;
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ.

196

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟɦ, ɬɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɦ ɦɟɧɸ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ɉɄ, ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ
ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ.
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɢ
ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ: TON, TOF,
BLINK ɢ ɞɪ. ȼɫɟ ɭɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɜ
ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɲɚɝɚɯ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ.
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ:
 Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɲɚɝɨɜɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ.
 Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɛɥɨɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ:
 ɉɨɞɛɨɪ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɢ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚ
ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
 ȼɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.21. Ɉɤɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ
ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ:
 ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;
 ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ
ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ, ɧɟ ɫɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ;
 ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨ
ɩɪɢɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ.
Ɉɤɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ (ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɢɫ. 6.21)
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ/ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ
ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɲɚɝɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ⱦɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɧɨ ɩɭɫɬɨɟ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɭɫɬɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɜ ɤɨɥɨɧɤɟ
ɂɦɹ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ (...). Ɉɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɵ/ɜɵɯɨɞɵ. ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɹɬɫɹ
ɜ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ.

197

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

6.4.5. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ȼ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Owen Logic (ɜɟɪɫɢɹ 1.14.194.18756) ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ: (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6.5):
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6.5
ɂ – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɂ
ɂɅɂ – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɂɅɂ
ɇȿ – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɇȿ
ɂɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɂɅɂ – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɂɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɂɅɂ–
ADD – ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ SUB – ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ
ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɜɵɱɢɬɚɧɢɹ
MUL – ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ DIV – ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ
ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ
MOD – ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ EQ – ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɦ
GT – ɛɨɥɶɲɟ
SEL – ɬɟɪɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
SHL – ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɜɥɟɜɨ
SHR – ɫɞɜɢɝɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɜɩɪɚɜɨ
EXTRACT – ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɬɚ
PUTBIT – ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɛɢɬɚ
DC32 – ɞɟɲɢɮɪɚɬɨɪ
CD32 – ɲɢɮɪɚɬɨɪ
fADD – ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ fSUB – ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ
ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɫ ɩɥɚɜ. ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ
ɜɵɱɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɥɚɜ. ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ
fMUL – ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ fDIV – ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ
ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɥɚɜ. ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ
ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɥɚɜ. ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ
fPOW – ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ fABS – ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫ
ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ
ɩɥɚɜ. ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ
fGT – ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɫ ɩɥɚɜ. fSEL – ɬɟɪɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ
ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ
ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɫ ɩɥɚɜ. ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ
ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ
(ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6.6):
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6.6
RS – RS-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪ ɫ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɦ SR – SR-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪ ɫ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɦ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
RTRIG – ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ FTRIG – ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ
DTRIG – Ⱦ-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪ
TP – ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ
TON – ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ TOF – ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
BLINK – ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ
CT – ɢɧɤɪɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ ɫ
ɚɜɬɨɫɛɪɨɫɨɦ
CTN – ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ
C TU – ɢɧɤɪɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ
CLOCK – ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ
CLOCK WEEK – ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɫ ɦɚɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ
PID – ɉɂȾ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ

198

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Owen Logic ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ.
6.4.6. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɜ OWEN Logic
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 6.1. Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.22.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.22. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ. ȼ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɞɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɚ. Ɍɪɭɛɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ.
ȼɨɞɚ ɨɬɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ
ɞɜɚ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ. Ʌɨɝɢɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ ɧɟɬ ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɉɭɫɤ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ, ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɪɭɛɭ, ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɚ. ɉɪɢ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ 2 ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɨɫ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɬɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɭ ɢɡ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ. Ɍɪɭɛɚ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ. ȼɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ.
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ 1, ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɢ
ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɜɨɞɵ. ɇɚɫɨɫ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɬɶɫɹ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ 1,
ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɨɬɤɪɨɟɬ ɩɨɞɚɱɭ ɜɨɞɵ. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ,
ɱɬɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɢɠɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ 1, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ 2, ɬɨ ɧɚɫɨɫ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ, ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɩɨɤɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟ
ɩɨɞɧɢɦɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ 2. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɋɬɨɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ
ɞɜɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ: ɞɚɬɱɢɤ 1 ɢ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ 2, ɢ ɞɜɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ:
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɢ ɧɚɫɨɫ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ
ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ:

199

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

0 – ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ (ɜɨɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɬɚ);
1 – ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ (ɜɨɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ).
ɇɚɫɨɫ:
0 – ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ;
1 – ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ.
Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ:
0 – ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ (ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ);
1 – ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ (ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ).
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ 6.5.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 6.5
ɏ1
ɏ2
Q1
(ɞɚɬɱɢɤ 1)
(ɞɚɬɱɢɤ 2)
(ɤɥɚɩɚɧ)
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0

Q2
(ɧɚɫɨɫ)
0
1
0
1

ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɂɅɂ (ɫɦ. ɝɥɚɜɭ 2) ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ
ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
Ʉɥɚɩɚɧ:
ܳͳ ൌ ɏͳ ή ɏʹ ൅ ɏͳ ή ɏʹ
ɇɚɫɨɫ:
ܳʹ ൌ ɏͳ ή ɏʹ ൅ ɏͳ ή ɏʹ
Ɉɬɤɪɨɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ OWEN Logic. ɓɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɇɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɜ
ɉɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɟɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ. ȼɵɛɟɪɟɦ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɉɊ200-220.2(4).ɏ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 6.23 ɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɈɄ.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.23. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ

200

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ
(ɪɢɫ. 6.24) ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ: ɞɥɹ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɧɚ Q1, ɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɧɚ
Q2.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.24. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɦ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɉɭɫɤ ɢ ɋɬɨɩ (ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɛɟɡ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ). ɗɬɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ I3 ɢ I4 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ʉɧɨɩɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ
ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ SR-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚ ɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ «ɂ» ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ
ɜɟɬɜɢ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɛɥɨɤ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ. ɗɬɨ
ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɲɟ
ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ 2. ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɛɟɫɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ 2. Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.25.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.25. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ

201

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 6.2. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ሺͳǡͷ ൅ ʹǡʹሻଷ ൌǫ
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ
ɛɥɨɤɢ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ: fADD ɢ fPOW.
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.26.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.26. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɥɚ 1,5) ɧɚɞɨ
ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɢ ɜ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ, (ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɭɝɥɭ) ɡɚɞɚɬɶ
ɬɢɩ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɋ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ (1,5), ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.27.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.27. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ

202

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɬɢɩ ɐɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɣ, ɧɨ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɫɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜ
ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɬɢɩ, ɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɚɞɨ
ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɬɢɩɚ ɐɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɬɢɩ ɋ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɨɤ-ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ (xĺF).
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɡɚɞɚɟɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ Q, ɬɢɩ ɋ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ,
ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ 0, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.28.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.28. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɟɥɚɧɵ, ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɦ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɸ
ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ (50,653), ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.29.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.29. ɋɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 6.3. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ.
ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ Owen Logic. ȼ ɩɨɞɫɨɛɧɵɯ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɜɟɬ ɧɭɠɟɧ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɟɝɨ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɢɡɥɢɲɧɟɦɭ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ

203

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɭ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɜɟɪɢ ɜ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɭ, ɩɨ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ:
ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɜɟɪɶɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ (F1) ɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɜɟɬɚ ɌȺɃɆȿɊ (SB1);
ɩɪɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɌȺɃɆȿɊ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɦ
ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɟɬɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ 1
ɦɢɧ – ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɤɥɸɱɨɦ ɞɜɟɪɶ;
ɩɪɢ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɌȺɃɆȿɊ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 2 ɫ ɫɜɟɬɢɥɶɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ 3 ɦɢɧ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨɬ
ɪɟɠɢɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɛɨɪɤɟ ɤɨɪɢɞɨɪɚ;
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɫɜɟɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦ ɨɬ
ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɋȼȿɌ (SA1),
ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ;
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɜɟɱɟɪɧɟɟ ɢ ɧɨɱɧɨɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ.
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɵ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɬɪɢ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɵɯɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɢɡ ɫɟɪɢɢ
ɉɊ110, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɛɭɤɜɭ «ɑ» ɜ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɉɊ110-24.8Ⱦ.4Ɋ-ɑ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɫɯɟɦɨɣ (ɪɢɫ. 6.30):

Ɋɢɫ. 6.30. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɉɅɊ, SA1 - ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ OFF-ɈN;
SB1 - ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɛɟɡ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ OFF-ɈN; HL1 - ɫɜɟɬɨɜɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ

204

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.31.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.31. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ
ȼɵɯɨɞ Q2 ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ (ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ D1–D6). ȼɵɯɨɞ Q1 ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɦ D7 ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ D1– D6.
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ:
ɉɪɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ (ɦɟɧɟɟ 2 ɫ) ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɌȺɃɆȿɊ (SB1), ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
«1» ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ «ɂ» (D2). Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɟ D2
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1», ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ D2 ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1»,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ (D3) ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ 1 ɦɢɧ. ɗɬɨɬ
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ «ɂɅɂ» (D6) ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q2.
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ F1 ɡɚɦɵɤɚɸɬ ɰɟɩɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ
ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɢ – ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ D1 ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ «0» ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ «ɂ» (D2), ɱɬɨ
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ D2. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɌȺɃɆȿɊ ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬ ɜɵɯɨɞ
Q2.

205

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

Ɋɢɫ. 6.32. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɉɪɢ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɌȺɃɆȿɊ ɛɨɥɟɟ 2 ɫ, ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɛɥɨɤɚ D4 ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1», ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ (D5) ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ 3
ɦɢɧ. ɗɬɨɬ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ «ɂɅɂ» (D6) ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q2 (ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ F1).
ɉɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɭɦɛɥɟɪɚ «ɋȼȿɌ» (SA1) ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ «ɂɅɂ»
(D6) ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q2 (ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ SA1).
ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q2 ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɂ
(D8), ɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» (ɨɬ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ D7) – ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ Q1 ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1»
(ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ Q1 ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ).
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.32.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 6.4. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɟɲɚɥɤɢ.
ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ Owen Logic. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɦɨɥɨɤɨ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɢɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɟɪɦɟ) ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ:

206

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɜɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ: «Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ» ɢ «Ɋɭɱɧɨɣ», ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɯ
ɬɭɦɛɥɟɪɨɦ «ɊȿɀɂɆ» (SA1);
ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ «Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ», ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ
ɉɍɋɄ (SB1), ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (15 ɫ – ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ, 10 ɫ –
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧ). Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ 5 ɦɢɧ ɢɥɢ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɋɌɈɉ (SB2);
ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ «Ɋɭɱɧɨɣ» ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚ ɨɬ
ɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɉɍɋɄ ɢ ɋɌɈɉ (ɛɟɡ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ);
ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚ (ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤ – F1) ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ «ɇɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ» ɥɚɦɩɨɣ (HL1) ɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɢɫɬɵɦ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ (ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ 3 ɫ);
ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɋȻɊɈɋ (SB3);
ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖ (SB4) ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ – ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɥɚɦɩɵ ɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ.
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ
(ɩɨ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ) ɢ ɬɪɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɢɡ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɉɊ110.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɉɊ110-24.8Ⱦ.4Ɋ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɫɯɟɦɨɣ:

Ɋɢɫ. 6.33. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɉɅɊ, ɝɞɟ SA1 – ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ OFF-ɈN;
SB1–SB4 – ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɛɟɡ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ OFF-ɈN; M1 – ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɬɨɪ; HA1 – ɡɜɨɧɨɤ; HL1
– ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ.

207

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

Ɋɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ
ɧɢɠɟ (ɪɢɫ. 6.30), (ɜɵɯɨɞɵ Q1–Q3 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɜɭɦ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦ ɤɥɟɦɦɧɢɤɚ ɉɅɊ).

Ɋɢɫ. 6.34. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
ɐɟɩɶ ɜɯɨɞɚ I2 (ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ): ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɉɍɋɄ (SB1) ɧɚ
ɜɯɨɞɟ S (D1) ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» – ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ RS-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚ D1 ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1». ɗɬɨɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ SA1:
ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɯ SA1 (ɊȿɀɂɆ – Ɋɭɱɧɨɣ), ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ D8, D9 ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q1 (ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɬɨɪ Ɇ1 ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ);
ɩɪɢ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɯ SA1 (ɊȿɀɂɆ – Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ), ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1»
ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ D3 ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ D4, D5.
ɐɟɩɶ ɜɯɨɞɚ I3 (ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ): ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɋɌɈɉ (SB2) ɢɥɢ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ F1 ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ R (D1) ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» – ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ
RS-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚ (D1) ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ «0» (ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q1
ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ).
ɐɟɩɶ ɜɯɨɞɚ I1 (ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚ): ɩɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɟ D1 ɢ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ SA1 (ɊȿɀɂɆ –
Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ):
ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» ɨɬ SA1 ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ D3 ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ D4
(ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ 5 ɦɢɧ). ɗɬɨɬ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɂɅɂ (D2), ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɬ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ R ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚ D1 – ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ.
ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ D3 ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ D5 – ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɫ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ: ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» – 15 ɫ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ «0» – 10 ɫ. ɗɬɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ c

208

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɂɅɂ (D8) ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q1
ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚ M1.
ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ SA1 (ɊȿɀɂɆ – Ɋɭɱɧɨɣ) ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ D3 ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚ D1 ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ D6 ɫɪɚɡɭ
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q1, ɬ. ɟ. ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚ
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚ M1.
ɐɟɩɶ ɜɯɨɞɚ I6 (ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ): ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ
F1 ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ S (D9) ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1». ɇɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ RS-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚ D9
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1», ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ D10 ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ:
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» – 3 ɫ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ «0» – 3 ɫ. ɗɬɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ
ɂɅɂ (D12) ɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q2 ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɡɜɨɧɤɚ HA1.
ɐɟɩɶ ɜɯɨɞɚ I7 (ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ): ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɋȻɊɈɋ (SB3) ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ R (D9) ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» – ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ RS-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ «0» – ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ D10 ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ.
ɐɟɩɶ ɜɯɨɞɚ I8 (ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɥɚɦɩɵ ɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ): ɩɪɢ
ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖ (SB4) ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ «ɂɅɂ» (D11)
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q3 – ɥɚɦɩɚ HL1 ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɜɟɬɢɬɶɫɹ.
ȼɵɯɨɞ Q3 ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ F1 ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɨɣ
ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖ (SB4) ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ «1» ɱɟɪɟɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ «ɂɅɂ» (D12) ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ
ɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q2 – ɡɜɨɧɨɤ HA1 ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ.
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɉɅɊ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ (ɪɢɫ. 6.35):

Ɋɢɫ. 6.35. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ

209

ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. Ɉɫɬɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɜɚ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɵɯɨɞ, ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ,
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɬɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ.
Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɢɧɤɪɟɦɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɨɦ (CT), ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪ D1.

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
1. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɀɄ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ?
2. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɊ-Ʉɉ10/ɉɊ-Ʉɉ20?
3. ɑɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɛɭɤɜɵ Ɋ, Ʉ, ɋ, ɂ, ɍ ɜ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɪɟɥɟ
Ɉȼȿɇ?
4. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ?
5. ɇɚ ɤɚɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɥɟ?
6. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɪɟɥɟ ɉɊ200?
7. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɅɄ
Ɉȼȿɇ ɢ ɉɅɊ Ɉȼȿɇ?
8. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɶ
ɩɚɧɟɥɶ Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ?
9. ɑɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ
ɭɝɥɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ?
10. Ʉɚɤ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɜ OWEN Logic?
11. Ƚɞɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ?
12. Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɲɚɝɨɜɨɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ?
13. Ʉɚɤ ɭɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɟɬɤɭ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ?
14. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ ɤ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ?
15. Ʉɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɨɦɟɪ COM-ɩɨɪɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ ɤ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ?
16. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ OWEN Logic?
17. Ʉɚɤ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ?
18. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɛɥɨɤɚ «ɂ», ɟɫɥɢ ɛɥɨɤ «ɂ» ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɚ
ɜɯɨɞɚ?
19. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ (ɬɚɣɦɟɪɵ) ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ OWEN Logic?
20. Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ OWEN Logic, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɫ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ
ɂɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɂɅɂ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ.

210
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ʧ̣̌̏̌6.ʸ̸̨̡̡̨̨̛̛̖̭̖̦̯̬̣̣̖̬̼̐ʽʦʫʻ

21. Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ OWEN Logic, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɫ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ TP
ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ.
22. Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ OWEN Logic, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɫ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ
RTRIG ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ.
23. Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ OWEN Logic ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ
ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ
ሺͳͷ െ ͹ሻΤ͵ ൌǫ
ሺͲǡͷ ൅ ʹǡ͹ሻ ή ʹ ൌǫ

211



ȽɅȺȼȺ 7. ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ Ɉȼȿɇ
ȼ CODESYS
7.1. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ Codesys ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ
Codesys (Controllers Development System) – ɷɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɟɣ 3S-Smart
Software Solutions GmbH (Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ). ɉɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ Codesys
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɚɯ www.codesys.com ɢ www.codesys.ru.
Codesys – ɷɬɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ,
ɨɩɢɪɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɆɗɄ 61131-3. Ɉɫɧɨɜɭ Codesys
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ:
– ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ;
– ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɵ, ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɞ;
– ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɥɚɞɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɯ
ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɚɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Visual C++).
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ, ɱɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɩɚɤɟɬɨɦ Codesys, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ. Ⱦɢɫɬɪɢɛɭɬɢɜ Codesys
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨ ɫɤɚɱɚɬɶ ɫ ɭɠɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɫɚɣɬɨɜ www.codesys.com,
www.codesys.ru ɢɥɢ ɫ ɫɚɣɬɚ Ɉȼȿɇ www.owen.ru. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɚɥɟɟ codesys ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ Ɉȼȿɇ, ɬɨ
ɫɤɚɱɚɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɫ ɫɚɣɬɚ www.owen.ru. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɫɵɥɤɚɦ
Ʉɚɬɚɥɨɝ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ> ɋɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ CODESYS > CODESYS v.2.
ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɉɈ Codesys ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɞɨ
ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ.
ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɬɚɪɝɟɬ-ɮɚɣɥɨɜ. Ɍɚɪɝɟɬ-ɮɚɣɥɵ – ɷɬɨ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɫ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɉɅɄ. Ɍɚɪɝɟɬ-ɮɚɣɥ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ
Codesys, ɤɚɤɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ/ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɉɅɄ.
Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɬɚɪɝɟɬ-ɮɚɥɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɭɠɟ ɭɩɨɦɢɧɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ Ɉȼȿɇ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɬɚɪɝɟɬ-ɮɚɣɥɚ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɪɨɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ:
1. ɋɤɚɱɚɬɶ Ɍɚɪɝɟɬ-ɮɚɣɥ.
2. Ɋɚɫɩɚɤɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɚɪɯɢɜɚ.
3. Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶ ɩɚɩɤɭ Ɍɚɪɝɟɬ-ɮɚɣɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
4. Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ InstallTarget.bat.
5. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ.

7.2. ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ
ɂɬɚɤ, Codesys ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ, ɬɚɪɝɟɬ-ɮɚɣɥɵ ɬɨɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɦ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ «ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ

212

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ» (ɪɢɫ. 7.1), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.1. Ɉɤɧɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ (ɪɢɫ. 7.2), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɹɡɵɤ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ɋɢɫ. 7.2. Ɉɤɧɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɂ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Codesys, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.3.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.3. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Codesys

213

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

ɐɢɮɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ:
1 – Ɇɟɧɸ.
2 – ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
3 – Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪ (ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ) ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɜɧɢɡɭ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɢ:
POU (Program Organization Unit).
Ɍɢɩɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ (Data type).
ȼɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ (Visualization).
Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɵ (Resources).
4 – ɋɬɚɬɭɫɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ.
5 – Ɉɤɧɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ. ɉɪɢ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɨɛ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɯ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɳɟɥɱɨɤ ɦɵɲɤɨɣ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬ ɧɚɫ
ɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɭ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ.
6 – Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ (ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ). ȼ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ
ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɚɦɢ VAR ... END_VAR,
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
VAR
a20:INT; (ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ)
T5:TIME:=T#5s; (ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɚ)
in2:BOOL; (ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ)
END_VAR

7.3. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ.
ɐɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ. ɉɪɢ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ, ɬɢɩ ɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
a:int:=100;
a – ɢɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ,
int – ɬɢɩ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ,
100 – ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ.
ɂɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ (ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ) ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɛɭɤɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ
ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ, ɰɢɮɪɵ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ. ɂɦɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ
ɩɪɨɛɟɥɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɚ ɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɬɶ ɫ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, var, program, and, word, bool ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɷɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ VAR1, Var1 ɢ var1 - ɷɬɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɢ
ɬɚ ɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ. ɋɢɦɜɨɥ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ, ɬ.ɟ. A_BCD ɢ
AB_CD – ɷɬɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ. ɂɦɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ
ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɧɟɬ. Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɬɢɩɨɦ.

214

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ Codesys ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ ɱɟɪɟɡ Ⱥɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɜɜɨɞɚ. ɑɬɨɛɵ
ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ Ⱥɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɜɜɨɞɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ Shift-F2. ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.4.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.4. Ɉɤɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ (…) ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɹ Ɍɢɩ, ɬɨ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ (Ɋɢɫ. 7.5),
ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ

Ɋɢɫ. 7.5. Ɍɢɩɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɢɩɨɜ.
ɐɟɥɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ: BYTE, WORD, DWORD, SINT, USINT, INT, UINT,
DINT, UDINT.
ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ, ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɤ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ.
ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 7.1.

215

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7.1
Ɍɢɩ
BYTE
WORD
DWORD
SINT:
USINT:
INT:
UINT:
DINT:
UDINT:

ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ
0
0
0
-128
0
-32768
0
-2147483648
0

ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ
255
8 Ȼɢɬ
65535
16 Ȼɢɬ
4294967295
32 Ȼɢɬ
127
8 Ȼɢɬ
255
8 Ȼɢɬ
32767
16 Ȼɢɬ
65535
16 Ȼɢɬ
2147483647
32 Ȼɢɬ
4294967295
32 Ȼɢɬ

ɉɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ (BYTE , SINT ) ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ (DINT, UDINT) ɞɥɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ
ɡɚɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ.
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɚ REAL/LREAL. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ REAL ɢ LREAL ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ
ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ ɫ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ. Ɂɚɩɹɬɚɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ
ɬɨɱɤɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ:
7.4 ɧɨ ɧɟ 7,4
1.64e+009 ɧɨ ɧɟ 1,64e+009
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɚ STRING. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɚ STRING ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɢ. ɋɬɪɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ
ɩɪɨɛɟɥɵ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ. ɋɢɦɜɨɥɵ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ, ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɲɟɫɬɧɚɞɰɚɬɟɪɢɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɰɢɮɪ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɚ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ
ɞɨɥɥɚɪɚ ($).
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ string: 'Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ'.
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɚ TIME. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɚ TIME ɜ CoDeSys ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ
ɩɪɟɮɢɤɫɚ "t" ɢɥɢ "T" ɢ ɡɧɚɤɚ # (ɪɟɲɟɬɤɚ). Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɧɹɯ "d", ɱɚɫɚɯ "h", ɦɢɧɭɬɚɯ "m", ɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯ "s" ɢ ɦɢɥɥɢɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯ "ms".
ɇɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɨ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ (d, ɡɚɬɟɦ h,
ɡɚɬɟɦ m, ɡɚɬɟɦ s, ɡɚɬɟɦ m, ɡɚɬɟɦ ms).
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ:
TIME1:= T#14ms;
TIME1:= T#100S12ms;
TIME1:= t#12h34m15s.
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ:
TIME1:= t#5m68s; (ɦɥɚɞɲɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɜɵɲɟɥ ɡɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ);
TIME1:= 15ms; (T# ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɨ);
TIME1:= t#4ms13d; (ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ).

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DATE ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɬɢɩɚ DATE ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɟɮɢɤɫɚ "d", "D",
"DATE" ɢɥɢ "date" ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ "#". Ⱦɚɬɵ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ Ƚɨɞ-ɆɟɫɹɰȾɟɧɶ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
DATE#1996-05-06;
d#1972-03-29.
Ɇɚɫɫɢɜɵ. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨ-, ɞɜɭɯ-, ɢ
ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɵ. Ɇɚɫɫɢɜɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ POU
ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ. ɉɭɬɟɦ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɵ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 9-ɦɟɪɧɵɯ ( "ARRAY[0..2] OF ARRAY[0..3] OF
…" ).
ɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ: : ARRAY [..,..] OF ,
ɝɞɟ ll1, ll2, ll3(low level) ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ; ul1, ul2 ɢ ul3 (upper
level) ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ.
ɂɧɞɟɤɫɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: Card_game: ARRAY [1..13, 1..4] OF INT.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɜ:
arr1 : ARRAY [1..5] OF INT := 1,2,3,4,5;
arr2 : ARRAY [1..2,3..4] OF INT := 1,3(7); (ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ 1,7,7,7 )
arr3 : ARRAY [1..2,2..3,3..4] OF INT := 2(0),4(4),2,3; (ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ
0,0,4,4,4,4,2,3)
Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɞɜɭɯɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ:
[ɂɧɞɟɤɫ1,ɂɧɞɟɤɫ2]
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: Card_game [9,2]

7.4. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ


ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɬɢɩɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ "standard.lib" ɢ "util.lib"
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɢ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ Codesys, ɧɚɞɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ
ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ (ɩɨɡ 3, ɪɢɫ. 7.3) ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɦ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ
ɛɥɨɤɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.6.

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Ɋɢɫ. 7.6. Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ Codesys ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭ, ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɩɰɢɢ ȼɫɬɚɜɤɚ > Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ
ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭ.

7.5. Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
7.5.1. əɡɵɤ ST
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ Ɉȼȿɇ ɉɅɄ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Codesys.
Ɉɧɚ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ. ȼ Codesys ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ IEC 61131-3 (ɆɗɄ 61131-3).

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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

IL (Instruction List – ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ) — Ⱥɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪ-ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ. ɉɨ
ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɭ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɚɫɫɟɦɛɥɟɪ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ
ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɧɞɨɜ,
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɹɬɵɦɢ.
ST (Structured Text – ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ) – Pascal-ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ. ɉɨ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɭ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɤ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɚɫɤɚɥɶ. ɍɞɨɛɟɧ
ɞɥɹ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɚɦɢ ɫ
ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ.
LD (Ladder Diagram – ɹɡɵɤ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ) – ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɯ
ɫɯɟɦ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ: ɹɡɵɤ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ, ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɟ
ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ (ɊɄɋ). ɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɭɞɨɛɟɧ ɞɥɹ
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ. Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ
ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ.
Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
FBD (Function Block Diagram – ɹɡɵɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ) –
ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɰɟɩɟɣ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɜɧɢɡ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɨɪɵ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɚ.
Ȼɥɨɤɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɂ, ɂɅɂ, ɇȿ, ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɵ, ɬɚɣɦɟɪɵ, ɫɱɺɬɱɢɤɢ, ɛɥɨɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɪ.
SFC (Sequential Function Chart – ɹɡɵɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ) –
ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɹɡɵɤ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ
ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ
ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɲɚɝɚɦɢ (ɷɬɚɩɚɦɢ), ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɲɚɝɚɦɢ.
CFC (Continuous Function Chart – ɹɡɵɤ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ) –
ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɚ FBD. ɉɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ FBD ɧɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɰɟɩɢ ɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɢ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ CFC ɩɟɪɟɞ FBD.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ
ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɹɡɵɤɢ ST, LD ɢ CFC. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɢ
ɹɡɵɤɢ.
Ɉɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɱɧɟɦ ɫ ɹɡɵɤɚ ST. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Codesys ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ
ST ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.7. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɹɡɵɤɚ ST
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.8, ɚ ɪɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɤɚ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 7.2.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.7. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ST
ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɞ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ, ɛɭɞɟɦ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɬɶ
ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɦ ɲɪɢɮɬɨɦ.
PROGRAM PLC_PRG
VAR
a:INT;
D1:BOOL;
D2:BOOL;
lamp:BOOL;
END_VAR
IF D1=TRUE AND D2=FALSE THEN
a:=a+1;
D1:=FALSE;
END_IF
IF D2=TRUE AND D1=FALSE THEN

220

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

a:=a+1;
D2:=FALSE;
END_IF
IF a>0 THEN
lamp:=TRUE;
ELSE
lamp:=FALSE;
END_IF

Ɋɢɫ. 7.8. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɹɡɵɤɚ ST
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7.2
1- ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ
2 - Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶ
3 - ɋɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ
4 - ɋɬɚɪɬ
5 - ɋɬɨɩ
6 – ɒɚɝ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɭ
7 – ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ
8 - ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ

9 - Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
10 – Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ
11 - ȼɵɪɟɡɚɬɶ
12 - Ʉɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
13 - ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ
14 - ɇɚɣɬɢ
15 – ɇɚɣɬɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ

ST ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ if, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɰɢɤɥɚ for ɢ while, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ case ɢ
ɞɪ.
ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɫ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɩɟɪɜɵɦ, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɦ - ɜɬɨɪɵɦ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɫ
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ.
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 7.3. ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ST ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ
ɭɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɜɧɢɡ.

221

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7.3
Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ

Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ

ȼɵɡɨɜ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ

ɂɦɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ (ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ)

ȼɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ

EXPT(a,b)
a – ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ
b – ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ

Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɪɟɧɶ

SQRT(a)

Ɂɚɦɟɧɚ ɡɧɚɤɚ

/+

ɑɢɫɥɨɜɨɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ

NOT

ɍɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ

*

Ⱦɟɥɟɧɢɟ

/

Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ

MOD

ɋɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ

+

ȼɵɱɢɬɚɧɢɟ

–

ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ

; =

Ɋɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ

=

ɇɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ



Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɂ

AND

Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɂɅɂ

XOR

Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɂɅɂ

OR

ɉɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ
ɞɜɨɟɬɨɱɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, A:=B; CV := CV + 1; C:=SIN(X); ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ.
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ IF. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ IF, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ, ɢ ɜ
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɥɢɛɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ if ɡɚɩɢɲɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ
a:=10;
b:=20;
IF a Ʉɨɦɩɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ (F11), ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ Ɉɧɥɚɣɧ > Ɋɟɠɢɦ
ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ > ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ (Alt+F8) > ɋɬɚɪɬ (F5).

Ɋɢɫ. 7.10. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɰɢɤɥɚ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ EXIT, ɬɨ ɰɢɤɥ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ
ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.11. ɉɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ i, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ, ɬ.ɟ. ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɢɤɥɚ.

224

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.11. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ Exit
Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ:
sum:=0;
FOR i:=0 TO 10 DO
sum:=sum+i;
IF i=5 THEN
EXIT;
END_IF
END_FOR
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ
ɰɢɤɥɚ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.12, ɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 7.13. Ɇɚɫɫɢɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 1, ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ =2. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ
ɰɢɤɥɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɰɢɤɥɚ i ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ =6.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.12. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ
PROGRAM PLC_PRG
VAR
A:ARRAY[0..5] OF INT;
i:INT;
END_VAR
FOR i:=0 TO 5 DO

225

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

IF i=0 THEN A[i]:=1;
ELSE
A[i]:=A[i-1]+2;
END_IF
END_FOR
Ɍɨɱɤɭ ɫ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ END_IF ɢ END_FOR ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ.
ɉɪɨɛɟɥɵ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɯ END_IF ɢ END_FOR ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.13. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ
ɐɢɤɥ WHILE. ɐɢɤɥ WHILE ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɰɢɤɥ FOR, ɫ ɬɟɦ
ɥɢɲɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ. ɗɬɨ
ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɰɢɤɥ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ.

226

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.14. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫ ɰɢɤɥɨɦ While
PROGRAM PLC_PRG
VAR
i:=INT;
var1:=INT;
var2:=INT;
END_VAR
var1:=0;
var2:=0;
i:=1;
WHILE i ɢ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ
ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ ɋɬɚɪɬ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɨɣ
ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨ ɲɚɝɚɦ, ɧɚɠɢɦɚɹ
ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ F8.

230

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.17. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ
ɍɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ, ɩɪɨɣɞɹ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɩɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɦ
ɦɟɧɸ Ɉɧɥɚɣɧ > Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ.
7.5.2. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ST
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 7.1. ɇɚɩɢɲɟɦ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ST ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ
ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
ʹ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ͳʹ‫ ݔ‬൅ ͳͲ ൌ Ͳ
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.18.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.18. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ST ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ
PROGRAM PLC_PRG
VAR
str:STRING;
a:REAL;
b:REAL;
c:REAL;
d:REAL;
x1:REAL;
x2:REAL;
x:REAL;
END_VAR

232

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

a:=2;
b:=12;
c:=10;
x1:=x2:=x:=1000;
d:=EXPT(b,2)-4*a*c;
IF d>0 THEN
x1:=(-b+SQRT(d))/(2*a);
x2:=(-b-SQRT(d))/(2*a);
END_IF
IF d=0 THEN
x:=-b/(2*a);
END_IF
IF d Ʉɨɦɩɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɨɧɢ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɹɬɫɹ ɜ Ɉɤɧɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ (ɩɨɡ. 5, ɪɢɫ. 7.3). Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ
ɨɲɢɛɤɟ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɫɤɨɱɢɬ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɜ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɚ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɧɟɬ, ɬɨ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ
ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ «0 ɨɲɢɛɨɤ, 0 ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ», ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.18. ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɡɚɣɬɢ ɜɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɦɟɧɸ Ɉɧɥɚɣɧ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ,
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ, ɋɬɚɪɬ (F5). ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ (ɪɢɫ. 7.19),
ɚ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ Ɂɚɩɭɳɟɧɨ. ɉɪɢ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɯ (a, b, ɫ) ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɧɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ (ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɵ) ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɨ ɞɜɚ ɤɨɪɧɹ: ɯ1= -1, ɯ2 = -5. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ (ɯ, ɯ1,
ɯ2) ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ =1000. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ =0.

233

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.19. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɭɥɹ
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɦ (a, b, ɫ) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (5, 3, 7), ɬɨ
ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɧɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɢɩɚ STRING (‘ɧɟɬ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ’), ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 7.20.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɩɰɢɢ Ɉɧɥɚɣɧ >
Ɉɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ.

234

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.20. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɧɬɨɦ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɧɭɥɹ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 7.2. ȼɟɪɧɟɦɫɹ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ «Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ», ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣ ɝɥɚɜɟ, ɢ ɧɚɩɢɲɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ST. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɹɡɵɤɚ ST ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɤɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɨɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɟɪɯɧɸɸ ɬɪɭɛɭ, ɢ
ɨɬɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɢɠɧɸɸ ɬɪɭɛɭ (ɪɢɫ. 7.21).

Ɋɢɫ. 7.21. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɨɦ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ. Ʌɨɝɢɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ ɧɟɬ ɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ

235

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

ɉɭɫɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɪɭɛɭ, ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɚ.
ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ Ⱦ2 ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ 0 ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ 1.
ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ, ɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɜ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ Ⱦ1, ɞɚɬɱɢɤ Ⱦ1
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ 0 ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ 1. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɛɚ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ Ⱦ1 ɢ Ⱦ2
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 1, ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɩɚɧ (ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ 0 ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ 1) ɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɟɪɯɧɸɸ ɬɪɭɛɭ. ɉɨɞɚɱɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɯɨɞ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ
ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɚ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɬɶɫɹ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ
ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɫɹ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ Ⱦ1 ɢ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ Ⱦ1 ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɬ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ 1 ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ 0.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɨɞɚ ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɫɹ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ Ⱦ2 ɢ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ Ⱦ2 ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɬ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ 1 ɜ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ 0. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɚ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ Ⱦ1 ɢ Ⱦ2 ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ 0, ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ
ɬɪɭɛɚ ɨɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ, ɢ ɜɨɞɚ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɋɬɨɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ.
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ
ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ
ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ
ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ
– ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɟ
ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ. ɉɨɤɚɠɟɦ ɷɬɨ. ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɨɬ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ Ⱦ1 ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɦ «Ⱥ», ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɨɬ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ Ⱦ2 ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɦ «ȼ», ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɦɭ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɭ ɨɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɦ Y. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ «Ⱥ» ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 0 (False), ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɜɨɞɵ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ Ⱦ1, ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 1 (True), ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ
Ⱦ1. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ «ȼ» ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 0 (False), ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ Ⱦ2, ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 1 (True), ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɞɚ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ. ȼɵɯɨɞɧɚɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ Y ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 0 (False), ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚ, ɢ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 1 (True), ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɚ.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɟ,
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 7.4.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7.4
0
1
0
A
0
B
0
1
1
1
Y
0
0
1
1
ɂɡ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 7.4 ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ Ⱦ2 ɢ Ⱦ1
(«Ⱥ»=0, «ȼ»=1), ɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ Y=0 ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ, ɢ Y=1 ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɵɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ Y ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ
ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ «Ⱥ» ɢ «ȼ». ɑɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɞɜɚ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɜɜɟɞɟɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ «Z», ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ «Z»=0 (False) ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ «Z»=1 (True) ɩɪɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ 7.4 ɫɬɪɨɤɨɣ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ «Z» ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ 7.5.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7.5
A
B
Y
Z

0
0
0
0

0
1
0
0

1
1
1
1

0
1
1
1

ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɢɞ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.22.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.22. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ «Ɋɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ»
PROGRAM PLC_PRG
VAR
A:BOOL;
B:BOOL;
y: BOOL;
Z: BOOL;
END_VAR

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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

IF Z=FALSE THEN
IF (A=FALSE AND B=FALSE) OR (B=TRUE AND A=FALSE) THEN
y:=FALSE;
Z:=FALSE;
END_IF
END_IF
IF A=TRUE AND B=TRUE THEN
y:=TRUE;
Z:=TRUE;
END_IF
IF Z=TRUE THEN
IF B=TRUE AND A=FALSE THEN
y:=TRUE;
END_IF
END_IF
IF Z=TRUE THEN
IF A=FALSE AND B=FALSE THEN
Z:=FALSE;
END_IF
END_IF
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɛɭɞɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɟɟ ɩɨ
ɲɚɝɚɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɤɪɨɦɟ
ɫɬɪɨɱɟɤ END_IF), ɳɟɥɤɚɹ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɧɨɦɟɪɚɦ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɜ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɟ.
Ɍɨɱɤɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ Ɉɧɥɚɣɧ >
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ ɋɬɚɪɬ.

238

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.23. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɱɧɨ. Ɉɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɩɭɫɤ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ F8. ɑɬɨɛɵ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɧɚɞɨ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ Ⱦ1 ɢ Ⱦ2. Ⱦɥɹ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ) ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ «Ⱥ» ɢɥɢ «ȼ». ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɥɨɝɢɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ, ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ «Ⱥ» ɢ «ȼ» ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ False. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ. ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ Ⱦ2
(ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ «ȼ») ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ True. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ «ȼ» ɜ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ True, ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɧɟɣ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ. ɉɪɚɜɟɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ TRUE. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɜɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Ɉɧɥɚɣɧ
ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɭ Ɂɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ (ɢɥɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ
Ctrl+F7). Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɱɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦ ɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɦ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ True ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ «Ⱥ», ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɱɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦ ɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɍɛɟɠɞɚɟɦɫɹ,
ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɦ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ
ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɢɠɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ Ⱦ2 ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ Ⱦ1. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɚɬɶ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ «Ⱥ» ɢ «ȼ» ɢɦɟɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ False ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ
ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɥɨɝɢɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.23 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɞɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɨɞɵ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɟ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.

239

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 7.3. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɜɟɣɟɪ (ɪɢɫ. 7.24), ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ
ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ. ȼɵɫɨɬɭ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ D1ɢ D2. Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ
D1 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ ɢ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ D2 – ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɜɵɫɨɬɭ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɝɨ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ, ɬɨ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɣ ɬɨɥɤɚɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɟɬɚɥɶ ɜ ɹɳɢɤ ɫ
ɛɪɚɤɨɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.24. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɋɜɹɠɟɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ D1 ɫ ɜɯɨɞɨɦ In1 ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ, ɞɚɬɱɢɤ D2 ɫ ɜɯɨɞɨɦ In2 ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ Out1 ɫɜɹɠɟɦ ɫ ɬɨɥɤɚɬɟɥɟɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɜ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɢɦ
ɜɯɨɞɚɦ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ In1, In2, Out1, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.25.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɢɦɟɟɦ:
1) Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ D1 (ɜɯɨɞ IN1): ɟɫɥɢ D1=False, ɬɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɶ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ
ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, D1=TRUE – ɞɟɬɚɥɶ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
2) Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ D2 (ɜɯɨɞ IN2): ɟɫɥɢ D2=False, ɬɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɶ ɧɢɠɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ,
D2=TRUE – ɞɟɬɚɥɶ ɜɵɲɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ.
3) Ɍɨɥɤɚɬɟɥɶ Out1: Out1=TRUE – ɬɨɥɤɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɢ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɥ ɞɟɬɚɥɶ ɜ ɛɪɚɤ,
Out1=FALSE – ɬɨɥɤɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɥ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɬɚɥɶ.

240

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.25. ɉɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ, ɜɜɟɞɟɦ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɥ-ɜɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ:
normal – ɤɨɥ-ɜɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ;
low – ɤɨɥ-ɜɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ;
high – ɤɨɥ-ɜɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ.
ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɵ – ɷɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɧɟɢɫɩɪɚɜɢɦɵɣ ɛɪɚɤ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.26.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɛɭɥɟɜɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ.

241

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.26. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
PROGRAM PLC_PRG
VAR
low:WORD;
high:WORD;
normal:WORD;
END_VAR
normal:=0;
low:=0;
high:=0;
IF in1=FALSE THEN

242

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

low:=low+1;
out1:=TRUE;
END_IF
IF in2=TRUE THEN
high:=high+1;
out1:=TRUE;
END_IF
IF in1=TRUE AND in2=FALSE THEN
normal:=normal+1;
END_IF

7.5.3. əɡɵɤ LD
əɡɵɤ LD – ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ – ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ,
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ. Ʌɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ LD ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢ
ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɰɟɩɢ. Ⱦɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ LD ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɩɟɣ, ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɛɥɨɤ, ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɚ. ɋɥɟɜɚ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ
ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ - ɲɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɰɟɩɢ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɚɦɢ ɪɟɥɟ, ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɩɹɦɢ. ɋɥɟɜɚ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɨɪɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɩɨɫɵɥɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ "ON" ɢɥɢ "OFF", ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɂɋɌɂɇȺ ɢɥɢ ɅɈɀɖ, ɢ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ (ɨɛɦɨɬɤɨɣ) ɪɟɥɟ.
Ʉɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭ ɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ.
ɂɞɟɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ
ɜɫɟɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ. Ɍɨɤ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɨ ɢ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ ɜɧɢɡ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɟɥɟ ɜ ɰɟɩɢ
ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ, ɬɨ ɰɟɩɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɠɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬ ɧɨɜɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɚɡɭ. ɐɟɩɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ.
ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Codesys ɞɥɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ LD ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 7.27, ɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.28. ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɹɬɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɤɨɜ (ɤɧɨɩɨɤ)
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ
ST, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 7.4 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ,
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɲɟɫɬɧɚɞɰɚɬɨɣ.

243

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.27. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ LD

Ɋɢɫ. 7.28. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɹɡɵɤɚ LD
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7.4
16 – ɐɟɩɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ
24 – Reset ɨɛɦɨɬɤɚ
17 – ɐɟɩɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ
25 – Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ
18 – Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬ
26 – ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɫ EN
19 – ɂɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ
27 – Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ
20 – ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ
28 – Ⱦɟɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ
21 – ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ 29 – Ɍɚɣɦɟɪ (TON)
22 – Ɉɛɦɨɬɤɚ
30 – ɂɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ
23 – Set ɨɛɦɨɬɤɚ
31 – Set/Reset
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜɜɟɪɯ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɰɢɤɥɵ.
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ (| |) ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ON ɢɥɢ OFF. ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ON ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ TRUE,
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ OFF ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ FALSE. Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ
ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ. ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ
ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ ɂɅɂ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ ɂ.

244

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɦ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ
(|/|). ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ON ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ FALSE, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ OFF ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ TRUE. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ 7.5.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7.5
Ɍɢɩ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ
(NO)
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ
ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ
(ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɣ)
(NC)

ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ
Ɋɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ
Ɂɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ

Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
FALSE
TRUE

Ɍɨɤ
ɇɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ
ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ

Ɂɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ
Ɋɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ

FALSE
TRUE

ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ
ɇɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ – ɷɬɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ FALSE ɢ
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ TRUE. ɇɨ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɜ
ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ NO ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɤ, ɚ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ NC ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɤ.
Ɉɛɦɨɬɤɢ. ȼ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ (ɪɟɥɟ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɝɥɵɦɢ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɦɢ (). Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ. Ɉɛɦɨɬɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ (ON), ɬ.ɟ
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ TRUE, ɥɢɛɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ (OFF), ɬ.ɟ.
ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ FALSE. Ɉɛɦɨɬɤɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɦɢ,
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ (/). ɂɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɢ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɇȿ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ LD
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.29.

245
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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.29. Ɍɟɫɬɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɭɸ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɭɸ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ
ɰɟɩɟɣ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɰɟɩɶ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɧɚɞɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ȼɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ > ɐɟɩɶ
(ɩɟɪɟɞ)/ɐɟɩɶ (ɩɨɫɥɟ). Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɰɟɩɶ, ɧɚɞɨ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɰɟɩɶ, ɳɟɥɤɧɭɜ ɩɨ ɧɟɣ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ (ɧɚ ɰɟɩɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ
ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ), ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɸ
ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ. ȼɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɧɚɞ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ
ɧɚɞɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɢɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ Var1, ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ Enter. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ Ɉɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ
ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ OɄ. Ɉɤɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ Shift + F2.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ⱦɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɦɟɧɸ Ɉɧɥɚɣɧ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɩɰɢɢ Ɋɟɠɢɦ
ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ, ɋɬɚɪɬ. ɉɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.30.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.30. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɡɛɟɪɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɰɟɩɟɣ.
ɐɟɩɶ 1. ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ k1 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ FALSE ɢ ɧɟ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ «out1».

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ɐɟɩɶ 2. ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ k2 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ FALSE ɢ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ «out2».
ɐɟɩɶ 3. ɗɬɚ ɰɟɩɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɂ. ɐɟɩɶ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɤ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɛɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ «1» ɢɥɢ TRUE.
ɐɟɩɶ 4. ɗɬɚ ɰɟɩɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɂɅɂ. ɐɟɩɶ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ
ɬɨɤ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ «1» ɢɥɢ «TRUE».
ɐɟɩɶ 5. ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ k1 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ FALSE ɢ ɧɟ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɤ. ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ k2 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ FALSE ɢ
ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɤ. ȼɵɯɨɞ «out5» ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ «0» ɢɥɢ «FALSE».
ɐɟɩɶ 6. ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ k1 ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ TRUE ɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɤ. ȼɵɯɨɞ «out5» ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɤ.
ɇɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ «out6» ɢɦɟɟɦ «1» ɢɥɢ TRUE.
Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɞɜɭɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɰɟɩɹɦ, ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɢɞ (ɪɢɫ.7.31).

Ɋɢɫ.7.31. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ. 7.4. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɞɜɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ 1 ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ
ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ 2 – ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɦ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɟ
ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ.
LD ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.32.

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Ɋɢɫ. 7.32. LD ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɂɡ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ k1 (ɬ.ɟ. ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
TRUE) ɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ out2. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ k2 ɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ
ɜɵɯɨɞ out1. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɯ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ.
Ɂɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɢɡ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ TRUE ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ FALSE ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ Ctrl+F7.
ȼ ɰɟɩɹɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ ɫ «ɫɚɦɨɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɟɣ» ɬɢɩɨɜ SET ɢ
RESET. Ɉɛɦɨɬɤɢ ɬɢɩɚ SET ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɭɤɜɨɣ "S" ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɪɭɝɥɵɯ ɫɤɨɛɨɤ (S).
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
TRUE, ɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɞɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ (ɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ R). Ɉɛɦɨɬɤɢ ɬɢɩɚ
RESET ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɛɭɤɜɨɣ R. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ FALSE, ɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɞɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ (ɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ S)
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ LD ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ, ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ.
ȼɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɜ
ɆɗɄ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ
ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɵ. ɗɬɢ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭ (standard.lib).
Ʉ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɛɥɨɤɚ: TP, TON, TOF, RTC. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ
ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɬɪɟɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.33.

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Ɋɢɫ. 7.33. Ɍɚɣɦɟɪɵ
Ȼɥɨɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨ ɞɜɚ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɞɜɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ. ȼɯɨɞ IN ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɢɩ BOOL.
ȼɯɨɞ PT ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ ET ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɢɩ TIME. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɵ ɬɢɩɚ TIME ɜ
CoDeSys ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɟɮɢɤɫɚ "T" ɢ ɡɧɚɤɚ "#". Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɞɧɢ "d", ɱɚɫɵ "h", ɦɢɧɭɬɵ "m", ɫɟɤɭɧɞɵ "s" ɢ ɦɢɥɥɢɫɟɤɭɧɞɵ "ms".
ɇɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɨ
ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ (d, ɡɚɬɟɦ h,
ɡɚɬɟɦ m, ɡɚɬɟɦ s, ɡɚɬɟɦ m, ɡɚɬɟɦ ms).
Ȼɥɨɤ TP. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɌɊ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ɉɨɤɚ IN ɪɚɜɟɧ
FALSE, ɜɵɯɨɞ Q ɬɨɠɟ FALSE, ɜɵɯɨɞ ET = 0. ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɜɯɨɞɚ IN ɜ TRUE
ɜɵɯɨɞ Q ɫɪɚɡɭ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ TRUE ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɩɨɤɚ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɧɟ ɨɬɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ PT.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ FALSE. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɵɯɨɞ Q ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ PT.
Ȼɥɨɤ TON. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɌON ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ɉɨɤɚ IN
ɪɚɜɟɧ FALSE, ɜɵɯɨɞ Q = FALSE, ɜɵɯɨɞ ET = 0. Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ IN ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ TRUE,
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɜ ɦɢɥɥɢɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯ) ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ET ɞɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ
PT. ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɨɬɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ TRUE ɢ
ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɵɯɨɞ Q ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ TRUE ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ PT. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɶ FALSE ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ IN, ɬɨ ɜɵɯɨɞ
Q ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ FALSE.
Ȼɥɨɤ TOF. ȼɯɨɞ IN ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ TRUE, ɜɵɯɨɞ ET =
0. Ʉɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ IN ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ FALSE, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɜ
ɦɢɥɥɢɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯ) ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ET. ɉɪɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ FALSE. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɵɯɨɞ Q
ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ PT ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɜɯɨɞɚ IN ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ TRUE ɜ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ FALSE.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ TP ɢ TON ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
FALSE ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ. ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɚ TOF ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ
TRUE ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ. ɉɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɵ. ɗɬɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ, ɬɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɜ TP ɢ TON ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ TRUE, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ TOF ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ FALSE.
ɂɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɧɚ LD ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.34.

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Ɋɢɫ. 7.34. LD ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚɦɢ
ɇɚɞ ɛɥɨɤɚɦɢ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɧɚɞɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ
ɛɥɨɤɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɰɟɩɹɯ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ et1, et2, et3 ɨɬɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ
ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ,
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ PT.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 7.5. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ LD ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.35.

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Ɋɢɫ. 7.35. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɇɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ E1, ȿ2 ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ S1, S2,
S3. ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ K1 ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ S1 «ɂɅɂ» S2 «ɂ» S3
ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 5 ɫ.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.36. LD ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.37. ɋɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ LD ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ
ɰɟɩɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ, ɬ.ɟ. ɤɚɬɭɲɤɚ ȿ1 ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɦ ȿ1. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ
ȿ1, ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ȿ1 ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬɫɹ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 7.6. ɐɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ
LD ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.38. ɉɪɢ
k1=TRUE ɜɵɯɨɞ out1=FALSE (ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧ). ɉɪɢ k1= FALSE ɜɵɯɨɞ out1= TRUE
(ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ). Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ out1 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɛɥɨɤɚɯ T1 ɢ T2.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.38. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ
7.5.4. əɡɵɤ CFC

Ɋɢɫ. 7.39. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ CFC

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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ CFC (Continuous Function Chart – ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ
ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.39, ɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ
ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.40. Ɋɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɤɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
7.6. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɹɡɵɤɚ FBD ɹɡɵɤ CFC ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɰɟɩɢ ɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɛɥɨɤɢ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɵ CFC
ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.40. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɹɡɵɤɚ CFC
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7.6
16 – ȼɯɨɞ
17 – ȼɵɯɨɞ
18 – ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ
19 – ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ
20 – Ɇɟɬɤɚ
21 – ȼɨɡɜɪɚɬ
22 – Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ
23 – ɂɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ

24 – Set/Reset
25 – EN/ENO
26 – ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɦɚɤɪɨɫ
27 – ȼɯɨɞ ɦɚɤɪɨ
28 – ȼɵɯɨɞ ɦɚɤɪɨ
29 – ɉɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
30 – ȼɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ
31 – ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɫɚ

Ʉ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɹɡɵɤɚ CFC ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɛɥɨɤɢ, ɜɯɨɞɵ, ɜɵɯɨɞɵ, ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɵ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɵ, ɦɟɬɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ. ȼɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶ, ɩɟɪɟɬɚɫɤɢɜɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɵɲɤɨɣ. ɗɬɢ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɩɟɪɟɪɢɫɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ
ɥɢɧɢɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɚ, ɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɣ, ɢ ɤɚɤ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɜɯɨɞ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɥɢɧɢɟɣ ɛɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɥɢɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ, ɧɚɞɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɤɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ,
ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ
ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ. Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ
ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɋɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ
ɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɨɤ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ "AND". ȼɵɛɪɚɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɢɦɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ,
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
Ⱥɫɫɢcɬɟɧɬ ɜɜɨɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ F2.
Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ (ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɟ), ɫ ɡɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟɣ .
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɡɚɠɚɜ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ
ɨɱɟɪɬɢɜ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɡɚɠɚɬɨɣ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ ɦɵɲɢ, ɡɚɯɜɚɬɢɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɡɚ ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪɧɵɣ
ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ.
ȼɯɨɞ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɵɲɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ,
ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ, ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹ ɟɟ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɦɵɲɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ
ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ, ɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɦɵɲɢ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɥɢɧɢɸ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ. ɇɭɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɟɝɨ ɜɯɨɞ (ɜɵɯɨɞ) ɫɨɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɭɥɫɹ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ (ɜɯɨɞɨɦ) ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɚɤ
ɭɝɨɞɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɧɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɭɬɫɹ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɯɨɞ, ɧɚɞɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ
ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɨɩɰɢɸ ɂɧɜɟɪɫɢɹ. ɇɚ ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɟ
ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɠɨɤ. ɂɧɜɟɪɫɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɧɹɬɶ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ.
ȿɫɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ 1 ɢ ɜɯɨɞ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ 2. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ 1: ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ 1 ɢɥɢ ɜɯɨɞ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ 2 ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɚɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ Delete ɢɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ɉɪɚɜɤɚ >
Ɉɱɢɫɬɢɬɶ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ 1 ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ, ɬɨ ɛɭɞɭɬ
ɭɞɚɥɟɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛ 2: ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɦɵɲɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ 2
ɢ, ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ ɦɵɲɢ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ
ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɩɭɳɟɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɦɵɲɢ.
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɦɢ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɩɰɢɢ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ > ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 7.7. Ɇɢɝɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɚ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɨɦ.
ɇɟ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɬɶ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ BLINK. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ BLINK
ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɨɩɰɢɸ Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɜɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɦɟɧɸ Ɉɤɧɨ.
Ɉɬɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.41.
ȼ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 3 ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ
Standard.lib. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɧɟɬ ɛɥɨɤɚ BLINK, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨɬ ɛɥɨɤ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ
ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɭɬɢɥɢɬ Util.lib. ɉɨɞɝɪɭɡɢɦ ɷɬɭ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ
ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ 1ɢ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɨɩɰɢɸ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ
ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭ. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.42.

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Ɋɢɫ. 7.41. Ɉɤɧɨ Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɚ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ

Ɋɢɫ. 7.42. ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ

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ȼɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ Util.lib ɢ ɧɚɠɦɟɦ Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɶ. ȼ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ 3 ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɫɹ
ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɭɬɢɥɢɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɣɞɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɛɥɨɤ BLINK. ɋɜɟɪɧɟɦ
ɨɤɧɨ ɪɢɫ. 7.41 ɢ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɦ ɤ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɓɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ
ɦɵɲɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɢ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ.
ɇɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ AND. ȼɵɞɟɥɢɦ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɶ ɢ ɧɚɠɦɟɦ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ F2.
ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ Ⱥɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɜɜɨɞɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.43.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.43. Ɉɤɧɨ Ⱥɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɜɜɨɞɚ
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɤ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ Standard.lib ɭɠɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɚ
ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ Util.lib. ɇɚɣɞɟɦ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɛɥɨɤ BLINK, ɜɵɞɟɥɢɦ ɟɝɨ ɢ ɧɚɠɦɟɦ ɈɄ. ɇɚ
ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɧɚɞ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɡɚɞɚɞɢɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɛɥɨɤɚ – bl1. ɓɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɦ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɭ
ɜɯɨɞ in1, ɜɵɯɨɞ out, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.44. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɢ
ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦɭ ɩɨɥɸ, ɧɚɞɨ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɢɬɶ ɛɥɨɤ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ,
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɯɜɨɫɬɢɤɭ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɛɥɨɤɚ BLINK ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɢ
1 ɫ ɢ 3 ɫ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɝɨɪɟɬɶ (TIME HIGH), ɢ ɜ
ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧ (TIME LOW).

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Ɋɢɫ. 7.44. Ȼɥɨɤ Blink
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ, ɜ ɦɟɧɸ Ɉɧɥɚɣɧ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ Ɋɟɠɢɦ
ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ (ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ
Alt+F8) ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɋɬɚɪɬ (ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ F5). Ⱦɚɥɟɟ
ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɦ ɜɯɨɞ in1 ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ FALSE ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ TRUE ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ TRUE ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ FALSE.
Ɋɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ out ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ
ɬɪɚɫɫɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɚ. ɉɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɭɝɥɭ
ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. 7.45).

Ɋɢɫ. 7.45. Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɢ Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɵ

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Ɋɢɫ. 7.46. Ɉɤɧɨ Ʉɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹ ɬɪɚɫɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ

Ɋɢɫ. 7.47. Ɉɤɧɨ Ⱥɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɜɜɨɞɚ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɐɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ ɬɪɚɫɫɢɪɨɜɤɚ. ȼ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ
ɩɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɸ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ
ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɬɪɚɫɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Ʉɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹ ɬɪɚɫɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ
(ɪɢɫ. 7.46). ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ȼɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɩɨ
ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ɇɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ Ⱥɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɜɜɨɞɚ (ɪɢɫ. 7.47). ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ
ɨɤɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ out(BOOL) ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ OK. ȿɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɈɄ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɦ
ɨɤɧɨ Ʉɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɹ ɬɪɚɫɫɢɪɨɜɤɢ. ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ POU, ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ
(Ɉɧɥɚɣɧ > ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ > ɋɬɚɪɬ) ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɦ in1 ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ TRUE.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ. ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɦ ɜ ɨɤɧɨ ɐɢɮɪɨɜɚɹ ɬɪɚɫɫɢɪɨɜɤɚ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɉɟɪɨ,
ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ
ɨɩɰɢɢ ɇɚɱɚɬɶ ɬɪɚɫɫɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɢ Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ. ɉɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɭ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.48.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.48. Ɍɪɚɫɫɢɪɨɜɤɚ
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 7.8. Ɇɢɝɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɨɜ. Ɉɬ ɦɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɨɦ
ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɤ ɦɢɝɚɧɢɸ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɚɦɢ. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɲɟɫɬɶ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɲɟɫɬɶɸ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.49. ȼ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɟ ɦɢɝɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɪɟɯ
ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɨɜ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. ɓɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ
ȼɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɥɟɜɨɦ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɭɝɥɭ. ɗɬɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɨɣ
Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɵ. ȼɜɟɪɯɭ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ȼɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɓɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɧɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ
ɦɵɲɢ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɢɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɣ
ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ viz1, ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ OK. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ
ɫɜɟɪɯɭ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
ɨɤɧɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ (ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ) ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɢ
ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɨɩɰɢɸ ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɟɬɤɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ.

261

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.49. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɚɦɢ
PROGRAM PLC_PRG
VAR
bl1:BLINK;
in1:BOOL;
out1:BOOL;
out2:BOOL;
out3:BOOL;
out4:BOOL;
out5:BOOL;

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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

out6:BOOL;
bl2:BLINK;
ton1:TON;
pusk:BOOL;
END_VAR
ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞ ɫɬɪɨɤɨɣ ɦɟɧɸ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɚɹ
ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.50.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.50. ɉɚɧɟɥɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɬɪɢɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɤɨɜ (ɢɤɨɧɨɤ) ɷɬɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɧɟɟ, ɚ ɜɨɬ
ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɤɢ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ. ɂɯ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 7.7.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 7.7
14 – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ
15 – ɉɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ
16– ɋɤɪɭɝɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ
17 – ɗɥɥɢɩɫ
18 – ɉɨɥɢɝɨɧ
19 – Ʌɨɦɚɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ
20 – Ʉɪɢɜɚɹ
21 – ɋɟɤɬɨɪ
22 – Ɋɚɫɬɪɨɜɵɣ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ
23 – ȼɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ

24 – Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ
25 – WMF-ɮɚɣɥ
26 – Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
27 – Ɍɪɟɧɞ
28 – Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɬɪɟɜɨɝ
29 – ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ ActiveX
30 – ɉɨɥɡɭɧɨɤ
31 – ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ
32 – ɋɬɨɥɛɢɤɨɜɵɣ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ
33 – Ƚɢɫɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ

ɓɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɤɭ 15 ɢ ɧɚɪɢɫɭɟɦ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ. ɓɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɤɭ 17 ɢ
ɧɚɪɢɫɭɟɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɧɚɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɨɤɪɭɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚ
ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɡɧɚɱɤɨɜ 12, 13. ɓɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɤɭ
24 ɢ ɧɚɪɢɫɭɟɦ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ
ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ, ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ. ȼ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ,
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.51.

263

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.51. Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɭ. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ
Ʉɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ. ɋɥɟɜɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɨɩɰɢɸ Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɢ ɧɚɩɢɲɟɦ
ɉɭɫɤ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.52.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.52. Ʉɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɉɭɫɤ
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɨɤɧɟ (ɪɢɫ. 7.52) ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ȼɜɨɞ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɭ
ɨɤɨɥɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɉɟɪ-ɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ
ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɟɟ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɠɦɟɦ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ F2. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ
ɨɤɧɨ Ⱥɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɜɜɨɞɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.53.

264

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.53. Ɉɤɧɨ Ⱥɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɜɜɨɞɚ
ȼɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ in1 (BOOL) ɢ ɧɚɠɦɟɦ ɈɄ. Ɉɤɧɨ
Ʉɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɬ ɜɢɞ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.54. ɇɚɠɦɟɦ ɈɄ ɢ
ɡɚɤɪɨɟɦ ɨɤɧɨ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɥɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɉɭɫɤ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ in1.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.54. Ʉɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɯɨɞɚ

265

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ʉɪɭɠɨɱɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.51 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɚɦ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɯ ɧɚɞɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɫ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ out1…out6. ɉɪɨɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɷɬɨ. Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦɭ ɥɟɜɨɦɭ
ɤɪɭɠɨɱɤɭ, ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.55. ȼɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɨɩɰɢɸ ɐɜɟɬɚ.
ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɪɢɫ. 7.56. ɓɟɥɤɚɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ
Ɂɚɥɢɜɤɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɛɟɥɵɣ, ɚ ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ
ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɪɢɫ. 7.57. ɉɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ
ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɤɢ ɂɡɦ. ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɠɦɟɦ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ F2. ȼ
ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ Ⱥɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ out1 ɢ ɧɚɠɦɟɦ ɈɄ. ȼ
ɨɤɧɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.57 ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɂɡɦ. ɰɜɟɬɚ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ PLC_PRG.out1.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.55. Ʉɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ

266

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.56. Ɉɤɧɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɰɜɟɬɚ

Ɋɢɫ. 7.57. Ʉɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɉɪɨɞɟɥɚɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɫɜɹɠɟɦ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɪɭɠɨɱɤɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ
out2…out6. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɚɦ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ

267

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ, ɚ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɚɦ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɢɧɢɣ. ɂɬɚɤ, ɦɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ. ȼ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ
ɥɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɦ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ POU. ȼ ɦɟɧɸ Ɉɧɥɚɣɧ
ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ > ɋɬɚɪɬ. ɇɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɉɭɫɤ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ
ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɢɝɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɢɧɢɯ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɨɜ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɥɨ ɜɫɸ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, ɟɝɨ ɧɚɞɨ
ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɢ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɢɞɧɵ ɨɛɚ ɨɤɧɚ: ɨɤɧɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (PLC_PRG) ɢ ɨɤɧɨ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (viz1).
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 7.9. Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɛɚɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɧɢɠɧɸɸ ɬɪɭɛɭ 2 ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɰɢɹɦɢ ɨɬɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɜɟɪɯɧɸɸ
ɬɪɭɛɭ 1, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɰɢɹɦɢ, ɜ ɛɚɤ ɡɚɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹ ɜ
ɛɚɤɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚ,
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɪɨɡɥɢɜɚ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɬɟɤɥɹɧɧɭɸ ɢɥɢ
ɩɥɚɫɬɦɚɫɫɨɜɭɸ ɬɚɪɭ. ɐɢɤɥ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ 1 ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɟ
ɜ ɛɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɚɱɤɢ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɛɚɤ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ Toftr1. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɚ 1 ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ
Tontr2 ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɬɪɭɛɵ 1ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ 2, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜɨɞɚ
ɨɬɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɛɚɤɚ. ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɤɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ
Toftr2. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɛɚ 2 ɩɟɪɟɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɭɛɚ 1, ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɜ ɛɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɨɞɚ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.58, ɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 7.59.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.60.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.58. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ

268

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.59. ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ

Ɋɢɫ. 7.60. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ «Ⱦɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ»
PROGRAM PLC_PRG
VAR
pusk:BOOL;

269

ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

stop:BOOL;
truba1:BOOL;
truba2:BOOL;
Toftr1:TIME:=T#10s;
Tontr2:TIME:=T#10s;
Toftr2:TIME:=T#10s;
ton1:TON;
work:BOOL;
tp1:TP;
tp2:TP;
T1:TIME;
T2:TIME;
END_VAR

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
1. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ Ɉȼȿɇ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Codesys?
2. ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɬɚɪɝɟɬ-ɮɚɣɥɵ ɢ ɡɚɱɟɦ ɨɧɢ ɧɭɠɧɵ?
3. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ Codesys?
4. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ (ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɚ)
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ?
5. Ʉɚɤ ɨɛɴɹɜɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ Codesys?
6. ɉɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ?
7. Ʉɚɤ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɟɟ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ?
8. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ t=5 ɫɟɤ?
9. Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɧɚɞɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ?
10. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɢɩɚ word, ɢ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ
ɨɧɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ?
11. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ
ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɟ Codesys?
12. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜ Codesys ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭ?
13. ɇɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ST ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ if:
ɟɫɥɢܽ ൏ ܾɢሺܽ ൅ ܾሻ ൐ ܿǡ ɬɨ
‫ ݕ‬ൌ ܽ‫ ݔ‬ଶ ൅ ܾ‫ ݔ‬൅ ܿ
14. ɇɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ST ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɨɬ 1 ɞɨ 20.
15. Ʉɚɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ST ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɲɚɝɚɦ?
16. ɇɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ LD ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 7.61

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ʧ̣̌̏̌7.ʿ̨̨̛̛̬̬̥̥̬̦̖̐̌̏̌ʽʦʫʻ̏Codesys

Ɋɢɫ. 7.61. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
17. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɉɪɢɦɟɪɚ 7.2 ɩɟɪɟɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɢ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
18. ɉɟɪɟɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ 7.2 ɢ 7.3 ɫ ɹɡɵɤɚ ST ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤ CFC.
19. ɋɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɤ ɉɪɢɦɟɪɭ 7.3. ȼɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɬɪɢ
ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ: 1) ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ, 2)
ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ 3) ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɡɚɝɨɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɨ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɨɤɨɜɨɝɨ
ɬɨɥɤɚɬɟɥɹ.

271



ȽɅȺȼȺ 8. ɉɊɈȿɄɌɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ
ɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂə
8.1. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɡɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɞɨɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɪɚɡɛɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ:
 ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
 Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
 Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
 Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
ɉɭɫɬɶ ɞɨɦ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ
ɞɟɠɭɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɥɛɚɯ ɩɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɦ ɭɝɥɚɦ ɞɨɦɚ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 8.1. Ⱦɟɠɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɵ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɠɭɪɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɬɨɤ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɥɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɭɬɨɤ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ
ɞɟɠɭɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɬɨɥɛɚɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɬɢɥɶɧɢɤɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɭ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ. Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ:
 ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ (ɝɟɪɤɨɧɵ), ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɞɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɦɚɯ ɢ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɜɟɪɢ;
 ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɧɚɪɭɠɢ
ɞɨɦɚ ɜ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɜɟɪɟɣ;
 ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɞɨɦɚ ɢ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɦɚ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɞɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɭɠɟɧ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɦɚ, ɧɟɜɡɢɪɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɵ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɨɪɨɞɤɢ. ɗɬɭ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ.
Ʌɨɝɢɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ
ɫɬɨɥɛɚɯ ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɞɨɦɚ. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ,
ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɡɜɭɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɪɟɧɚ ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ. ɉɪɢ
ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ

272

ʧ̣̌̏̌8.ʿ̸̨̡̨̨̡̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̬̖̯̬̦̖̭̭̯̖̥̼̣̖̭̱̪̬̣̖̦̏̌̐̐̌̏́

ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɡɜɭɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɪɟɧɚ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ
ɬɪɟɜɨɝɢ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɫɬ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ.

Ɋɢɫ. 8.1. ɉɥɚɧ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɠɚ ɡɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ

8.2. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɂɦɟɟɦ ɬɪɢ
ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ: Ⱥ – ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ, ȼ – ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɋ – ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ. ɂɦɟɟɦ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ
ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ: Y1 – ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ; Y2 – ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ; Y3 –
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ; Y4 – ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɢ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɫɬ ɨɯɪɚɧɵ. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ
ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ
A
0
0
0
0

B
0
0
1
1

C
0
1
0
1

Y1
0
1
1
1

273

Y2
0
1
0
1

Y3
0
1
1
1

Y4
0
1
0
1

ʧ̣̌̏̌8.ʿ̸̨̡̨̨̡̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̬̖̯̬̦̖̭̭̯̖̥̼̣̖̭̱̪̬̣̖̦̏̌̐̐̌̏́

1
1
1
1

0
0
1
1

0
1
0
1

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1

1
1
1
1

0
1
0
1

ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ (Logic converter)
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Multisim ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ
Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɫɬɨɥɛɟɰ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Y. Ⱦɥɹ Y1, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɪɢɫ. 8.2, ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɢɞ
ܻͳ ൌ ‫ ܣ‬൅ ‫ ܤ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬

Ɋɢɫ. 8.2. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ Multisim
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɪɟɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ:
ܻʹ ൌ ‫ ܣ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬

274

ʧ̣̌̏̌8.ʿ̸̨̡̨̨̡̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̬̖̯̬̦̖̭̭̯̖̥̼̣̖̭̱̪̬̣̖̦̏̌̐̐̌̏́

ܻ͵ ൌ ‫ ܣ‬൅ ‫ ܤ‬൅ ‫ܥ‬
ܻͶ ൌ ‫ܥ‬
Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɢɞ (ɪɢɫ. 8.3)

Ɋɢɫ. 8.3. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ

8.3. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɥɟ LOGO!, ONI ɢ OWEN.
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɞɥɹ LOGO! ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ LOGO! Soft
Comfort ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɢɞ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 8.4.

Ɋɢɫ. 8.4. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ

275

ʧ̣̌̏̌8.ʿ̸̨̡̨̨̡̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̬̖̯̬̦̖̭̭̯̖̥̼̣̖̭̱̪̬̣̖̦̏̌̐̐̌̏́

ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɰɟɩɶ
ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɛɥɨɤ «ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɫ
ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ», ɚ ɧɟ ɛɥɨɤ «Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ». ɗɬɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ
ɞɜɟɪɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɨɦ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ, ɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɞɨɥɝɨ. Ȼɥɨɤ «ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ
ɩɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ» ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɞɥɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɢ, ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɥɭɱɲɟ
ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɢɫɬɵɦ. Ⱦɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 8.5.

Ɋɢɫ. 8.5. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜ LOGO! Soft Comfort
ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ:
I1…I3 – ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ;
B001, ȼ002 – ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɂɅɂ;
B003, B004, B005 – ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ;
B006 – ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ;
B007, B008, B009 – ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ;
Q1…Q4 – ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ.
ɗɬɚ ɠɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ONI PLR Studio, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.8.6.
ȼɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ LOGO! Soft Comfort ɢ ONI PLR Studio ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɵ ɧɟ
ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɟ. Ɉɛɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌8.ʿ̸̨̡̨̨̡̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̬̖̯̬̦̖̭̭̯̖̥̼̣̖̭̱̪̬̣̖̦̏̌̐̐̌̏́

Ɋɢɫ. 8.6. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜ ONI PLR Studio
ɗɬɚ ɠɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ OWEN LOGIC, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.8.7. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɭɠɟ ɧɟɬ
ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ. ȼ OWEN LOGIC ɧɟɬ
ɛɥɨɤɚ «ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ». Ⱦɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɞɥɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɹ) ɜ OWEN LOGIC ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɥɨɤ TP. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɜ OWEN LOGIC
ɧɚɞɨ ɛɪɚɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɂɅɂ.

Ɋɢɫ. 8.7. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜ OWEN LOGIC

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ʧ̣̌̏̌8.ʿ̸̨̡̨̨̡̨̨̛̛̛̛̛̬̖̯̬̦̖̭̭̯̖̥̼̣̖̭̱̪̬̣̖̦̏̌̐̐̌̏́

8.4. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ.


Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ LOGO! 230RCE ɫ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɦ 115…240 ȼ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ, 8 ɜɯɨɞɨɜ, 4 ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ, ɀɄɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ, ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɚɣɦɟɪ.

Ɋɢɫ. 8.8. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 8.8. Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ ɢ ɂɄ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɢ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ
ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɂɄ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ. ɇɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɤɥɸɱɢ S1…S4, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO!230RCE
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɨ ɬɨɤɭ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ 10 Ⱥ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ
ɭɫɢɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɦɨɳɧɵɟ ɥɚɦɩɵ, ɬɨ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɣ
ɜɵɯɨɞ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɥɚɦɩɵ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɧɟ
ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ, ɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪ. ɇɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɦ
ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɜ 10 Ⱥ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨ 10 Ⱥ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɣ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ 16Ⱥ.

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ȽɅȺȼȺ 9. ɅȺȻɈɊȺɌɈɊɇɕȿ ɊȺȻɈɌɕ
ȼ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ:
 ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɂɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɨ-ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ (ɂɉɐ) «ɍɱɟɛɧɚɹ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ» (ɝ. ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ);
 ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɞɵ ȽȻɉɈɍ ɈɄȽ «ɋɬɨɥɢɰɚ»;
 ɦɚɤɟɬɧɵɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɫɬɟɧɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢɡ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ɂɡ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ:
 ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɢ ɜ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɟ;
 ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ. ȼ
ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ
LOGO! ɲɟɫɬɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ, ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ LOGO! ɜɨɫɶɦɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ, ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ONI,
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ Ɉȼȿɇ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ 9.1.1, 9.1.7, 9.2.1, 9.3.1
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɱɟɬɚ
Ɉɬɱɟɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ:
¾ Ɍɢɬɭɥɶɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ.
¾ ɐɟɥɶ ɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ (ɰɟɥɶ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ
ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɢ).
¾ Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ.
¾ ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
¾ Ɏɨɬɨ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
¾ ɉɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
¾ ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɭɸ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, AutoCAD ɢɥɢ
sPlan.
¾ Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ.
¾ Ɉɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
ɉɨ ɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɢɡ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɷɬɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ ɫ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ 220 ɜɨɥɶɬ. ɗɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢɜɵɤɚɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 220 ɜɨɥɶɬ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɛɨɪɤɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ

279

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ. ɋɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ 220 ɜɨɥɶɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ.

9.1. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ Siemens LOGO!
9.1.1. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ

Ɋɢɫ. 9.1. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ Siemens LOGO!
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ Siemens LOGO! ɲɟɫɬɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧɞɚɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ȺɉɄ1-ɇ-Ɋ ɂɉɐ «ɍɱɟɛɧɚɹ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ» (ɪɢɫ. 9.1). Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ȺɉɄ1-ɇ-Ɋ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɜɵɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɦɵ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ
ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɦɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 9.1.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 9.1
ʋ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩ/ɩ ɫɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ
1 Ɉɞɧɨɮɚɡɧɵɣ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
2 ɉɨɫɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
24 ȼ/1 Ⱥ.
3

ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ
~220 ȼ/16 Ⱥ

ɉɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ, ɢɦɟɟɬ 3
ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɛɟɡ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ, 3 ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɫ
ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɟɣ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɨɦɟɬɪ.
ɍɡɟɥ
- ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ LOGO! Power
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ (6EP1331-1SH03), ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ AC 100-240 ȼ

280
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Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧ
ɢɟ
G1
A2

A1

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ɋɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ:
ɚ) ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
LOGO! Power,
ɛ) ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ
LOGO!12 / 24RC
ɲɟɫɬɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ,
ɜ) ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ
ɦɨɞɭɥɶ AM2 AQ.

4
5
6

7
8

9
10
11

Ȼɥɨɤ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɣ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɜɨɞ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ.
ɂɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ
(BELIMO
LM24AP5).
Ȼɥɨɤ ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ
ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ
ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
(TSL250R).
Ɂɭɦɦɟɪ.

ɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ DC 24 ȼ.
- Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ Siemens
LOGO!12/24RC
(6ED1 052-1MD00-0BA6), ɢɦɟɟɬ 6
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ, 2 ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ
(ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ) ɜɯɨɞɚ, 4 ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɯ
ɜɵɯɨɞɚ.
- Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ AM2 AQ
(6ED1 055-1MM00-0BA1) ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦɢ:
ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ – DC 24 ȼ;
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ –
0…10 ȼ;
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ •5 ɤɈɦ;
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɬɨɤɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ – 0/4…20
ɦȺ.
4 ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɧɵɯ ɥɚɦɩɵ DC 24 ȼ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ DC 24 ȼ, 8000
ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ, ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ ɬɚɯɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ.
DC 24 ȼ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ –
ɪɟɜɟɪɫɢɜɧɨɟ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɝɨɥ
ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ – 95 ɝɪɚɞ.,
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɜɨɪɨɬɚ – 150 ɫ.
DC 12...24 ȼ,
2 ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ.
ɋɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɥɚɦɩɵ ɧɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ 24
ȼ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ, ɢ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 0,1 ȼ/°ɋ (TC12550M.B2.60).
ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
DC 24 ȼ ɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
DC 1,0…22 ȼ.
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ 2,7...5,5 ȼ.
24 ȼ / 20 ɦȺ.

A3
Ⱥ10
Ⱥ7

A4
Ⱥ8 (ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
9.1 ɧɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ)
Ⱥ9 (ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
9.1 ɧɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ)
A5 (ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
9.1 ɧɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ)
Ⱥ6 (ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
9.1 ɧɟ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ)

ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ,
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ [3]. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ [3] ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ

281

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ɀɄ-ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ, ɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ LOGO! Soft Comfort.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɫɯɟɦɵ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɛɭɞɟɦ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ LOGO!USB-Cable, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ
CH341. ɗɬɨɬ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɚɛɟɥɸ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬ-ɞɢɫɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɫɤɚɱɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ. Ɉɩɢɲɟɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ. Ɂɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɦ ɮɚɣɥ setup.exe ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ. ȼ
ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ (ɪɢɫ. 9.2.) ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ Install.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.2. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ CH341
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɤ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɢɪɭɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɧɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.
ȼɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ. ȼɫɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ
ɩɪɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ LOGO!USB-Cable ɤɚɛɟɥɹ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɦ ɫɬɟɧɞ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɀɄɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɨɩɰɢɸ Program. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ, ɜ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ LOGO! Soft Comfort ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ
ɤɧɨɩɤɭ PC–>LOGO! (ɢɥɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ Ctrl + D). ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.3.

282

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.3. ɋɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɚ
ɗɬɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ COM-ɩɨɪɬ. ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ
ɨɤɧɟ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟ Select New Interface. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɪɢɫ. 9.4, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ
COM1 ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ COM3 (ɜɦɟɫɬɨ COM3 ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɨɪɬ,
ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, COM4) ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ OK.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.4. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɚ
ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.5.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.5. ɋɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɗɬɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɡɚɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɜɟɪɫɢɸ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɧɟɠɟɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ

283

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ LOGO!Soft Comfort V.7. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ Upgrade ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɨ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ 8.1 ɢɥɢ 8.2. ɋɤɚɱɢɜɚɟɦ ɫ ɫɚɣɬɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ
Siemens ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ «Upgrade from LOGO! Soft Comfort: V1.0 / V2.0
/ V3.x / V4.0 / V5.0 / V6.x / V7.0 to V8.2» ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ Windows 32 Bit ɢɥɢ 64 Bit. ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɉɈ «Upgrade…» ɧɚ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ LOGO!Soft Comfort V8.2,
ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ PC –>
LOGO! ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.6. ȼ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ
ɨɩɰɢɢ Connect through ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ LOGO! Cable. ɋɩɪɚɜɚ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɟɣ
ɫɬɪɨɱɤɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ COM1 ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ,
COM3 ɢɥɢ COM4, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ 9.6. ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɈɄ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ LOGO! ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɨɩɰɢɸ Start ɧɚ ɀɄ-ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ ɈɄ
ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɷɤɪɚɧɨɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.6. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ LOGO!
9.1.2. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ1 «Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɜ»
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɨɜ:
 Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ;
 Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ;
 Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ;
 ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ (ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ);
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
1) Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.

284

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ LOGO! Soft Comfort.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.7.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.7. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
¾ Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ ȼ001 ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ 5 ɫ.
¾ ɓɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ I1 ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɛɥɨɤɚ ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ (ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ > ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ > ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ). ɉɨ
ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɷɬɨɬ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ.
¾ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ
ɪɟɠɢɦ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɋɟɪɜɢɫ > ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ (ɢɥɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɚ F3). ɓɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɥɟɜɨɣ
ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ I1 ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɨɬɫɱɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɞ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ȼ001.
ɑɟɪɟɡ 5ɫ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q1. Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɛɥɨɤɚ
Q1ɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɰɜɟɬ ɫ ɫɢɧɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɨɦ.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɧɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
9.8.
¾ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ LOGO!USB-Cable ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ LOGO!
¾ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɬɭɦɛɥɟɪ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ G1.
¾ ɉɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ «Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ» ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ «Program».
¾ ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɋɟɪɜɢɫ >
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ > ɉɄ-> LOGO!). ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɣ COM-ɩɨɪɬ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ «Start» Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ
(ESC>Stop>Yes), ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
G1.

285

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.8. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
2) Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.9.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.9. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
¾ Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ ȼ002 ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.
¾ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɧɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
9.10.
¾ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɬɭɦɛɥɟɪ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ G1.
¾ ɉɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ «Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ» ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ «Program».
¾ ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ «Start» Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ
(ESC>Stop>Yes), ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
G1.

286

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.10. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
3) Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.11.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.11. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
¾ Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ ȼ003 ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.
¾ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɧɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
9.12.
¾ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɬɭɦɛɥɟɪ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ G1.
¾ ɉɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ «Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ» ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ «Program».
¾ ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ «Start» Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.

287

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ
(ESC>Stop>Yes), ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
G1.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.12. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
4) Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ (ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ).
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.13.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.13. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
¾ Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ ȼ004 ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.
¾ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɧɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
9.14.
¾ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɬɭɦɛɥɟɪ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ G1.
¾ ɉɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ «Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ» ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ «Program».
¾ ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ «Start» Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.

288

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ
(ESC>Stop>Yes), ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
G1.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.14. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ

ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ

1. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ Siemens LOGO! ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ?
2. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ Siemens LOGO! ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ?
3. Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ?
4. Ʉɚɤ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɟɺ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ?
5. ɉɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ: Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ,
Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ, Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ, ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɪɟɥɟ (ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ).
6. ɑɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɛɥɨɤɚ
Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ?
7. ɑɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɛɥɨɤɚ
Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ?
8. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɫɯɟɦɵ?

289

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

9.1.3. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ2 «Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ»


Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ:
 Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ;
 Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ;
 ɒɢɪɨɬɧɨ-ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɬɨɪ (PWM).
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
1) Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬ ɉɨɪɨɝ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, On=300) ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
«1», ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɉɨɪɨɝɚ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Off=700). Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ (Gain) ɢ ɋɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ (Offset)
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ
ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ (ȼ001).
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ LOGO! Soft Comfort.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.15.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.15. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
¾ Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ ȼ001 ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ (ɪɢɫ. 9.16):
 ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ (Gain) – 1,00;
 ɋɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ (Offset) – 0;
 ɉɨɪɨɝ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (On) – 300;
 ɉɨɪɨɝ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (Off) – 700.
ɇɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
0…10 ȼ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ 0…1000, ɬɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ 300 ɢ
700 ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ 3 ɢ 7 ȼ. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 0…10 ȼ
ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ Ⱥ2.

290

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.16. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɛɥɨɤɚ ȼ001
¾ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɧɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.
9.17.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.17. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
¾ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ LOGO!USB-Cable ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ LOGO!
¾ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɬɭɦɛɥɟɪ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ G1.
¾ ɉɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ «Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ» ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ «Program».
¾ ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ «Start» Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.

291

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

¾ ȼɪɚɳɚɹ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɫɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ⱥ2, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ
ɡɚɝɨɪɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɥɚɦɩɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ 3…7 ȼ.
¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ G1 (ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɧɞ).
2) Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ.
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ
ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬ ɉɨɪɨɝ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (On=300) ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «1», ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (On+Delta), ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ =400. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ On ɢ Delta, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ (Gain) ɢ ɋɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ (Offset) ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ
ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ
ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.18.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.18. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
¾ Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ ȼ002 ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ:
– ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ – 1,00;
– ɋɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ – 0;
 ȼɤɥ.(On) – 300;
 Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ (Delta) – 100.
¾ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
¾ ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ (ɪɢɫ. 9.17) ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ.
¾ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɬɭɦɛɥɟɪ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ G1.
¾ ɉɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ «Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ» ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ «Program».
¾ ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ «Start» Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
¾ ȼɪɚɳɚɹ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ Ⱥ2, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɧɢɟ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɥɚɦɩɵ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ 3…4 ȼ.
¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ G1 (ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɧɞ).

292

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

3) Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɒɢɪɨɬɧɨ-ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɬɨɪ (PWM).
ɒɢɪɨɬɧɨ-ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɬɨɪ (PWM – Pulse Width Modulator)
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ. ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ Ax ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. ɑɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ Ax, ɬɟɦ ɲɢɪɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ.
ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ T ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ
ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɍ1 , ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ Q ɢɦɟɟɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ «1», ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ܶଶ ൌ ܶ െ ܶଵ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ Q ɪɚɜɟɧ «0», ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.19. Ɂɚɬɟɦ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ «En» ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ.
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ Ɍ1 ɢ T2, ɤɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ Ax .

Ɋɢɫ. 9.19. ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ -50 ɞɨ 100°ɋ. ɍɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɷɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ
Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.20. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ (0,15) ɢ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ (-50).
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.20 ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ:
– Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɦɢɧ: Amin = -50 (ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ).
– Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɦɚɤɫ.: Amax =100 (ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ).
– ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ: T = 10 ɫɟɤ.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Ɍ1 ɢ T2 ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ


ܶଵ ൌ


ɉɭɫɬɶ

‫ܣ‬௫ ൌ ʹͷ,

‫ܣ‬௫ െ ‫ܣ‬௠௜௡
ή ܶ
‫ܣ‬௠௔௫ െ ‫ ܣ‬௠௜௡

(9.1)

ܶଶ ൌ ܶ െ ܶଵ

(9.2)

ɬɨɝɞɚ

ɢɡ
(9.1)
ɢ
(9.2)
ʹͷ െ ሺെͷͲሻ
ή ͳͲ ൌ ͷ˔
ܶଵ ൌ
ͳͲͲ െ ሺെͷͲሻ
ܶଶ ൌ ͳͲ െ ͷ ൌ ͷ˔
ɝɞɟ Ax – ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ.

293

ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.20. Ɉɤɧɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Ax = 25 ɧɚ
ɜɵɯɨɞɟ Q ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 5 ɫ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ «1» ɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ 5 ɫ – ɫɢɝɧɚɥ «0»
ɢ ɬɚɤ ɞɚɥɟɟ (ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ), ɩɨɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ «En» ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ
ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ. ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ «0» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ «En» ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.21.
¾ Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɛɥɨɤɭ ȼ003 ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 9.20.
¾ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
¾ ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ (ɪɢɫ. 9.17) ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ.
¾ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɬɭɦɛɥɟɪ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ G1.
¾ ɉɟɪɟɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ «Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ» ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ «Program».
¾ ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ «Start» Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ
ɦɟɧɸ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
¾ ȼɪɚɳɚɹ ɪɭɤɨɹɬɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ Ⱥ2, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɦɢɝɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɥɚɦɩɵ.
ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ G1 (ɜɵɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɧɞ).

294

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.21. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
1. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ Siemens LOGO! ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ?
2. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ Siemens LOGO! ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ?
3. ɉɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ: Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ, Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ, ɒɢɪɨɬɧɨɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɬɨɪ.
4. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɫɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ Delta ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ Delta = -100?
5. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɒɢɪɨɬɧɨ-ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɬɨɪ?
6. Ɉɬ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɬɧɨ-ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɦ
ɦɨɞɭɥɹɬɨɪɟ?
7. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɒɢɪɨɬɧɨ-ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ
ɦɨɞɭɥɹɬɨɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ Ⱥɯ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ?
8. Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ, ɫ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ?
9. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ?
10. Ʉɚɤɨɦɭ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ
ɲɢɪɢɧɚ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɜ 2,5 ɫ ɞɥɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.21?

295

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

9.1.4. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ3 «Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ»
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɧɚ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ
ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɭɸ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɭ (ɛɥɨɤ Ⱥ8 ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 9.23), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ
ɧɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ,
ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ
(ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ). ɉɪɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɥɚɦɩɵ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ.
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.22.

Ɋɢɫ 9.22. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ȼ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ:
I1 – ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɯɨɞ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ / ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
AI1 – ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. ɇɚ ɜɯɨɞ AI1 ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ (ɭɫɬɚɜɤɚ) ɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ (0...+10 ȼ) ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
AI2 – ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. ɇɚ ɜɯɨɞ AI2 ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ.
B001 – Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ «ɂ».
B002, B003 – Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɫ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ (0…1000).

296

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

B004 – Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ
ɜɯɨɞɚɯ Ax ɢ Ay ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q1.
Q1
–
ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ
ɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ/ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ (ɥɚɦɩɭ).
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ȼ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.22
ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɜɚ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ: ɞɚɬɱɢɤ AI1 ɡɚɞɚɟɬɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɟ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
(ɭɫɬɚɜɤɭ). ɇɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ȺI1 ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ
ɩɨɫɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ AI2 ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ ɬɟɤɭɳɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ
ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
«1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ I1. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ 0,02 ɢ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ 40 ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹɯ (ȼ002, ȼ003) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ
ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ ɨɬ 40 ɞɨ 60°ɋ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ
ɱɢɫɟɥ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 1000. ɗɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ
‫ ܫܣ‬െ ܾ
ܰൌ
݇
ɉɨɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ k = 0,02; b = 40. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢ AI = 40 ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ N = 0,
ɩɪɢ AI = 60 ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ N = 1000. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ (40…60°ɋ)
ɫ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ ɱɢɫɟɥ (0…1000), ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ. ȼɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɰɢɮɪɚ ɩɨɞ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ AI1, AI2 ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.22 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ,
ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɰɢɮɪɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ
0…1000. Ɂɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɜɤɢ 50°ɋ (ɪɢɫ. 9.22, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ AI1)
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɭ 500 ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɟ.
ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ (40…60°ɋ) ɢ ɭɫɬɚɜɤɢ 50°ɋ
ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɭɫɬɚɜɤɢ. ɗɬɨ ɠɟ ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ
ɭɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ, ɚ ɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ
ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ. Ⱥ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɟ, ɝɞɟ
ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 25°ɋ, ɬɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ
ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ 25°ɋ,
ɬɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ, ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ (Ax-Ay). ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɩɨɪɨɝɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
(On>=3), ɬɨ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ «1». ɋɢɝɧɚɥ «1» ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ
ɜɵɯɨɞ Q1 ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɧɚ
ɩɨɪɨɝɭ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (Off Stop>Yes), ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
G1.

298

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
1. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ Siemens LOGO! ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ?
2. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ Siemens LOGO! ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ?
3. ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣ?
4. ɑɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ «ɭɫɬɚɜɤɚ»?
5. Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ?
6. Ʉɚɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ?
9.1.5. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ4 «Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ»
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ. ȼ
ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.24.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.24. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ȼ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ:
I1 – ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɯɨɞ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ / ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.

299

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

AI1 – ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. ɇɚ ɜɯɨɞ AI1 ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ (ɭɫɬɚɜɤɚ) ɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ (0...+10 ȼ) ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
AI2 – ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. ɇɚ ɜɯɨɞ AI2 ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɫ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ.
B001, B003 – Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ (0…1000).
ȼ002 – ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ.
ȺɆ1 – ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɮɥɚɝ (ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ). ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ
ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
AQ1 – ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ (ɥɚɦɩɨɣ).
ȼ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.24 ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɭɸ
ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ AI1 ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ (ɭɫɬɚɜɤɭ), ɞɚɬɱɢɤ AI2 ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬ
ɬɟɤɭɳɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ. (ɇɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ȺI1
ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɨɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ). ȼɵɯɨɞ AQ1 ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɢ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ (ɥɚɦɩɭ).
ɋɢɝɧɚɥ «0» ɫ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ I1 ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ «R» ɉɂɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ȼ002 ɢ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ. ɇɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ AQ1
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ «0». ɇɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧ.
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ «1» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ I1 ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɫ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ. ɋɢɝɧɚɥ
«1» (ɛɥɨɤ High) ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ A/M ɛɥɨɤɚ B002 ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ.
ɋɢɝɧɚɥ AI2 ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ (PV) ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ.
ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ (SP) ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ (PV) ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ,
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɪɚ AQ1. Ɂɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ (SP) ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɥɨɤ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɧɨɦɟɪ
ɛɥɨɤɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ B001, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɬɭ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ. ɋɫɵɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɛɥɨɤ ȼ001
ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.25

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.25. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ (ɛɥɨɤɚ B002) ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ:
SP=B1. Ɍɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɛɥɨɤ
ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ (ɛɥɨɤ ȼ001), ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ.
KC=0,5. ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ.
TI=00:30. ȼɪɟɦɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (30 c).
Dir=+. ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ (ɡɧɚɤ «+» ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɧɢɠɟ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ).
Mq=0. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ AQ ɩɪɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ (Ⱥ/Ɇ=0). ȼ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɪɭɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ.
ɪ=0 – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.26.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.26. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ ɫ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
(ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ) ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɉɂɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ (ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ AQ1) ɪɚɜɟɧ 0.

301

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɩɨɫɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ 0...+10 ȼ, ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɚɜɤɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 40...60qɋ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ
ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ (ɭɫɬɚɜɤɢ), ɧɚɞɨ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɪɭɱɤɭ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɨɦɟɬɪɚ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɥɟɜɚ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ.
Ⱦɚɬɱɢɤ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ (Ⱥ8) ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ
ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɷɬɨɬ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɬɟɤɭɳɭɸ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ.
Ʌɚɦɩɚ ɧɚɤɚɥɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ
ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ AQ1 ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ Ⱥ9 ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɥɚɦɩɵ (ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ) ɜ ɛɥɨɤɟ Ⱥ8.
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ LOGO!Soft Comfort ɢ ɧɚɛɪɚɬɶ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ (ɪɢɫ. 9.24). Ɂɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ȼ001, ȼ002,
ȼ003 ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ «ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ» ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɈ LOGO!Soft
Comfort ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
¾ ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɨɬ ɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
¾ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɴɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (ɪɢɫ. 9.26).
¾ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ G1 ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
¾ ȼɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ «Program» ɧɚ ɀɄ-ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
¾ Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ «Start» ɧɚ ɀɄɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
¾ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ/ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (ɤɧɨɩɤɚ c
ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ). ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɟɺ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ «ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨ» – ɧɚ
ɜɯɨɞ I1 ɩɨɞɚɧ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ȺI ɞɢɫɩɥɟɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɷɤɪɚɧɭ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ (Ź) ɞɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ,
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.27. (Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ
ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ.)

Ɋɢɫ. 9.27. ɀɄ-ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɫ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ.

302

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

B ɫɬɪɨɤɟ «1:» ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ AI1, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 00600 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 60qC. B
ɫɬɪɨɤɟ «2:» ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ AI2, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ
ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 00504 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 50‚4°ɋ. ȼɪɚɳɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɩɨɫɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɡɚɞɚɞɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, SP =
50qC.
ɗɬɨɦɭ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ
ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ 500. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ «1:» ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 00500. ȼ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ «2:» ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɬɟɤɭɳɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ ɨɬɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 50qC, ɬɨ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ ɡɚɝɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ (ɱɬɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɫɢɥɶɧɨ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɹ). Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶɫɹ. ɉɨ
ɢɧɟɪɰɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɫɤɨɱɢɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ 50qC ɢ
ɩɨɞɧɢɦɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɲɟ. Ʌɚɦɩɚ ɩɨɝɚɫɧɟɬ, ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɬɶɫɹ. ɉɨ
ɢɧɟɪɰɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɤɨɱɢɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 50qC ɢ ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɫɹ ɧɢɠɟ.
Ʌɚɦɩɚ (ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɬɟɥɶ) ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ, ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶɫɹ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɷɬɨɬ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ.
¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ
(ESC>Stop>Yes), ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ «ɋɟɬɶ».
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
1. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ Siemens LOGO! ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ?
2. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ Siemens LOGO! ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ?
3. Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ AI1 ɢ AI2?
4. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ?
5. Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ SP, PV?
6. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɞɜɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ?


303

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

9.1.6. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ5 «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɉ-, ɂ-, ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ»
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ
ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɉ-, ɂ-, ɉɂɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.28. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.28. ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ:
I1, I2 – ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ / ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ.
AI1, ȺI2 – ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. ɇɚ ɜɯɨɞ AI1 ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ (0...+10 ȼ). ɇɚ ɜɯɨɞ AI2 –
ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɬɚɯɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ.
B001 – ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ
Gain=1 ɢ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ Offset=0.
B002 – ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ. ȼɯɨɞ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ «R» (ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ) ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ. ɉɪɢ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɟ 0 ɧɚ ɢɧɜɟɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɟ «R» ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧ, ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ «0».
ȺɆ1 – ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɮɥɚɝ (ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ). ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ
ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.

304

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

AQ1 – ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
B003 – Ɋɟɥɟ ɫ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ (RS-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪ). ɋɢɝɧɚɥ S=1 (ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ)
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ «1»
B003 – Ɋɟɥɟ ɫ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ (RS-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪ). ɋɢɝɧɚɥ S=1 (ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ)
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ «1»
B004 — ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɥɨɤɚ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɩɨɪɨɝ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ On=85 (0,85 ȼ), ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ Off=80 (0,80 B).
ȼ005 – ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ «ɂ».
Q1 – ɜɵɯɨɞ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q1 ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɰɟɩɶɸ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ
ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚ B003 ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ «0». ɗɬɨɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
B002 ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ AQ1 ɪɚɜɧɨ «0». ɗɬɨɬ ɠɟ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ «0» ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ B005, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q1
ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɸɬ ɰɟɩɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ «ɉɭɫɤ» ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ «1» ɧɚ
ɜɯɨɞɟ I1 ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ «1» ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚ B003. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ B002 ɪɚɡɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧ.
ɋɢɝɧɚɥ «1» (ɛɥɨɤ High) ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ Ⱥ/Ɇ B002 ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ.
ɉɨɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ AI1 ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬ 0,85 ȼ ɜɵɯɨɞ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ B004 ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ «0». ɋɢɝɧɚɥ «0»
ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ B005, ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q1 ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɨɪɜɚɧɚ ɰɟɩɶ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ. ɗɬɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ (Ⱥ9).
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬ ɩɨɪɨɝ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ
B004 (>=85), ɬɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɜɯɨɞɚɯ ȼ005 ɛɭɞɭɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ «1», ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ
Q1 ɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ (Ⱥ9). ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ.
ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ (SP) ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ AI1 ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 0 ɞɨ 10
ȼ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ SP=0. . . 1000 ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ AI1
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ (B001) ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ Gain=1
ɢ Offset=0 ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ SP ɛɥɨɤɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ȼ002. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɢ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ AI1, B001
ɜɵɯɨɞ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ȺɆ1 (ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɮɥɚɝ).
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɯɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ (ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ) ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ (PV) ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ȼ002.
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɯɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ 0...10 ȼ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɟ ɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ
ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ 0...1000.
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ (ȼ002) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ (SP) ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ (PV)
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ,
ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɪɚ AQ1. Ɂɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
(SP) ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɥɨɤ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ
B001, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɬɭ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ (SP=B1).

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ɇɚ ɛɥɨɤɟ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ (B002) ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ:
SP=B1 – ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɧɚ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɛɥɨɤɚ
B001.
KC=1,00 (ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ). Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɜɟɧ Ʉɋ. ɉɪɢ Ʉɋ= 0 ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɡɜɟɧɨ ɨɛɧɭɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɂɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ.
TI=00:02 (2 ɫ) – ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. (Ⱦɥɹ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ TI=2 ɫ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ TI=2 ɫ. Ⱦɥɹ ɉ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
TI=99:59.)
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 9.2.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 9.2
Ɍɢɩ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ Ʉɋ
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ TI, ɫ

ɉ

ɂ

ɉɂ

1,0...2,0

0

1,0

99:59

00:02

00:02

Dir=+. ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ («+» ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ
ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ).
Mq=0. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ AQ ɩɪɢ ɪɭɱɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ (Ⱥ/Ɇ=0). ȼ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɪɭɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ.
Ɇɿɩ=0. Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ PV.
Max=1000 Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ PV.
A (Gain) =1,0+. ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ PV, ɪɚɜɧɨɟ +1.
B (Offset) =0. ɋɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ PV.
p=0 – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ «ɋɬɨɩ» ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ «1» ɧɚ
ɜɯɨɞɟ I2 ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ «0» ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚ B003. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ B002
ɡɚɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.29.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ.
9.29. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
Ɉɞɧɨɮɚɡɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ G1 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɛɥɨɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
Ʉɧɨɩɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ)
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɤ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ I1 ɢ I2.
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ 0. . .+10 B, ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɭ ȺI1 ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɢ
ɡɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ (ɜɵɯɨɞ ɬɚɯɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ) ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɭ AI2
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɪɚ AQ1 ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ (ɛɥɨɤ Ⱥ9) ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɰɟɩɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ. ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ (ɛɥɨɤ Ⱥ9) ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɟɬ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ 0…+10 B ɫ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ 0…+24 B. Ⱦɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q1 ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ Q1ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ
ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ 1,7 ȼ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ.
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ LOGO!Soft Comfort ɢ ɧɚɛɟɪɢɬɟ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ (ɪɢɫ. 9.28). Ɂɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ȼ001, ȼ002,
B004, ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɪɟɠɢɦ «ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ» ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɈ LOGO! Soft
Comfort ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
¾ ɍɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɨɬ ɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
¾ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɴɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ (ɪɢɫ. 9.29).
¾ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ G1 ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
¾ ȼɵɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ «Program» ɧɚ ɀɄ-ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ.
¾ Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ «Start».

307

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

¾ Ʉɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ «ɉɭɫɤ» (ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɫ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɚ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ). ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ
ȺI ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.30. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɷɤɪɚɧɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɦ ɧa
ɤɨɪɩɭɫɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ (Ź) ɞɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ȺI1, AI2.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.30. ɀɄ-ɞɢɫɩɥɟɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɫ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ
ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ.
B ɫɬɪɨɤɟ «1:» ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧa ɜɯɨɞɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ȺI1 (0. . .+10 B) ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ 100, ɬ. ɟ. ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ
ȺI1=0...1000.
B ɫɬɪɨɤɟ «2:» ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ AI2, ɬ.ɟ.ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɬɚɯɨɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ, ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ. ɗɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ 100, ɬ. ɟ. ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ 00504 ɜ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ 5,04 ȼ. Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɯ «1:» ɢ «2:»
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫ ɉ-, ɂ-, ɉɂ-ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɚɦɢ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ
ɷɤɪɚɧɭ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.30, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ (AI1) ɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ (AI2) ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ.
¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ
(ESC>Stop>Yes), ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ «ɋɟɬɶ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
G1.
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
1. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ Siemens LOGO! ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ?
2. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ Siemens LOGO! ɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ?
3. Ʉɚɤ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ B001 ɢ B002?
4. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪ ɉ, ɂ, ɢɥɢ ɉɂ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ?


308

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

9.1.7. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ6 «ɉɨɞɫɜɟɬɤɚ ɜɡɥɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ»
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ ɧɚ ɚɷɪɨɞɪɨɦɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɡɥɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɫ (ɪɢɫ. 9.31).
Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɨɞɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɛɨɤɚɦ ɥɟɜɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɵɦ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɮɨɧɚɪɟɣ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɢɥɨɬɭ ɫɚɦɨɥɟɬɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɳɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɡɥɟɬɧɭɸ
ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɨɬ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɟɺ ɩɨɞɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɛɚ ɪɹɞɚ ɮɨɧɚɪɟɣ (ɥɟɜɵɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɵɣ) ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɦɢɝɚɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɪɚɡɚ,
ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɝɨɪɹɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɦɢɝɚɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɪɚɡɚ ɢ ɝɨɪɹɬ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ, ɬ.ɟ. ɰɢɤɥ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɨ
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.32.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.31. ȼɡɥɟɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɚɷɪɨɞɪɨɦɚ

Ɋɢɫ. 9.32. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ

309

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɛɟɪɟɦ ɦɚɤɟɬɧɵɣ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɢɡ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ
ɫɬɟɧɞɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.33.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.33. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɤɟɬɚ
ɐɢɮɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ 9.33 ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ:
1. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ.
2. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ iEK ȺȼȾɌ32Ɇ ɋ16 10
ɦȺ, ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢ
ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɬɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ 230 ȼ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 50
Ƚɰ.
3. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ (ɤɥɸɱ).
4. DIN-ɪɟɣɤɚ ɫ ɤɥɟɦɦɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɥɨɞɤɚɦɢ. (Ʉɥɟɦɦɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɞɤɚ «Ɂɟɦɥɹ» ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɫ DIN-ɪɟɣɤɨɣ).
5.
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɤɚɛɟɥɶ
LOGO!USB-CABLE.
(ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ ɜɨɫɶɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ LOGO! 230RCE 6ED1052-1FB080BA0, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ
LOGO!USB-CABLE ɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ
ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO! ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ Micro SD, ɥɢɛɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ Ethernet).
6. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɜɨɫɶɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ LOGO! 230RCE
6ED1052-1FB08-0BA0, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ/ɜɯɨɞɨɜ/ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ: 115 ȼ/230 ȼ/ ɪɟɥɟ, 8
DI/4DO, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ LOGO! Soft Comfort ɜɟɪɫɢɢ 8.1 ɢ ɜɵɲɟ.
7. Ʌɚɦɩɵ 220 ȼ, 40 ȼɬ – 2 ɲɬ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.34.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.34. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ LOGO! Soft Comfort ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ. Ɂɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ «ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ» ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
¾ ȼɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
¾ Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ «Start».
¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ «ɋɟɬɶ».
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ
ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO! ɜɨɫɶɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO! ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ Micro SD.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ Micro SD ɤɚɪɬɭ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ
Binary dump (*.bin), ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.35. Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO! ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ
ɤɚɪɬɵ Micro SD ɫ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ FAT32. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɪɬɭ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ
ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɭ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO!

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.35. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ
ɉɪɢɟɦɧɵɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ LOGO! ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.36.
ȼɵɬɹɧɭɬɶ ɚɞɚɩɬɟɪ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɝɧɟɡɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ
ɨɬɜɟɪɬɤɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.36. ɉɪɢɟɦɧɵɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɟɪ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO!
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɵɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɟɪ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO! ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ:

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

a) ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO! (ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ);
b) ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɦɟɧɸ LOGO!
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ
LOGO! ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ:
 ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɵɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɟɪ ɢ ɩɥɨɬɧɨ ɡɚɞɜɢɧɭɬɶ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɵɣ
ɚɞɚɩɬɟɪ ɜ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɨɟ ɝɧɟɡɞɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ;
 ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO!
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ LOGO! ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.37.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.37. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO!
ȼɵɛɪɚɜ ɨɩɰɢɸ Start ɢ ɧɚɠɚɜ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ ɈɄ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ, ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɫ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO!
ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɟɧɸ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.38.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.38. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫ ɤɚɪɬɵ
ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO!
Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ Ethernet. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO! ɫ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɦ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ (ɧɟ ɤɪɨɫɫ) ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ. Ɇɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO!
ɜɨɫɶɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɦɟɧɸ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɤ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɦɟɧɸ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɤ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.39.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.39. ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɤ
ɇɚ ɞɢɫɩɥɟɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɹɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ.
ɑɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ IP ɚɞɪɟɫ, ɧɚɞɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ OK. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ
ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO! ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ IP ɚɞɪɟɫ. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɦɚɫɤɭ ɩɨɞɫɟɬɢ ɢ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɲɥɸɡɚ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ LOGO! IP ɚɞɪɟɫ
192.168.0.2, ɦɚɫɤɭ ɩɨɞɫɟɬɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɲɥɸɡ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ 192.168.0.1.
ɉɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɜ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.40.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.40. ɋɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ
ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO! ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ Stop ɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ LOGO! Soft Comfort. ȼ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ
ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ Network Project. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.41.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.41. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɓɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ Add New Device. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 9.42.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.42. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO!
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO! ɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɈɄ.
ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ (ɪɢɫ. 9.43), ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɦ LOGO! ɇɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ LOGO! ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ IP ɚɞɪɟɫ 192.168.0.2.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.43. ɋɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɚɞɪɟɫɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ
ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢɡ LOGO! Soft Comfort ɜ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ LOGO! ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ PC –> LOGO! ɇɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɨɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɜɟɪɫɢɢ 32-bit ɢ 64-bit ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɢ LOGO! Soft Comfort ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɜ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɝɨ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɟɫɬɪɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɧɟɬ, ɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɳɟɥɱɤɚ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɲɟɫɬɟɪɟɧɤɟ ɧɚ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟ LOGO! (ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ) ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.44.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.44
ɉɟɪɟɣɞɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ Online settings. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ
ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.45.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.45. Ɉɤɧɨ Online settings
ȼ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ Connect through ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ Ethernet ɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɤɭ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ
ɤɪɭɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɬɪɟɥɨɱɤɚɦɢ (ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧ ɨɜɚɥɨɦ). ȼ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Accessible LOGO!
ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɫ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO! ɇɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ
ɷɬɭ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ IP ɚɞɪɟɫ ɜ

317

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ɫɬɪɨɤɟ Target IP address. ɓɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Connect. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ LOGO! ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɦ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɚ ɧɚɞ
ɥɢɧɢɟɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ LOGO, ɚ ɫɚɦɚ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ. Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɶ
ɨɤɧɨ, ɳɟɥɤɧɭɜ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɈɄ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ Diagram Mode ɜ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɚɞɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɭɠɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɭɸ. ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɛɭɤɜ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ PC –> LOGO! ɢɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ
ɨɩɰɢɸ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɦɟɧɸ Tools. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.46.
ɓɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɨ ɤɪɭɝɨɜɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɤɭ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɬɪɟɥɨɱɤɚɦɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ
ɫ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ LOGO! ɢ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Test. Ȼɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ
ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɦ LOGO! ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ
ɥɢɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɞ ɧɟɣ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɚ (ɪɢɫ. 9.46). ɇɚɠɚɬɶ ɈɄ.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.46. Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ PC – LOGO!
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɢ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ (ɪɢɫ. 9.47) ɫ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɦ The device is in STOP mode. Change to RUN? ɇɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ YES.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.47. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO! ɱɟɪɟɡ Dynamic
DNS. ɗɬɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɦ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ
ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ. ɓɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɲɟɫɬɟɪɟɧɤɟ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ LOGO!
(ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ). ȼ ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ Connect through ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ
Dynamic DNS. ȼ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ URL ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ IP ɚɞɪɟɫ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ LOGO! 192.168.000.002 ɢ
ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Connect (ɪɢɫ.9.48). ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ
ɦɨɞɭɥɟɦ LOGO! Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɰɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ. Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɶ ɨɤɧɨ, ɳɟɥɤɧɭɜ
ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɈɄ, ɢ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ Diagram Mode. ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɭɠɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɭɸ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ PC –> LOGO! ɢɥɢ
ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɨɩɰɢɸ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɭ ɦɟɧɸ Tools. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɭ
9.46, ɫ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ Test. ɇɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ Test ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɈɄ. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɩɚɪɨɥɹ. ɇɚɛɪɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɚɪɨɥɹ LOGO ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ. ɇɚɠɚɬɶ ɈɄ.
ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ The device is in STOP mode. Change to RUN? ɇɚɠɚɬɶ YES.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɧɚɱɧɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.48. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ DNS ɜ ɨɤɧɟ LOGO! settings

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.49 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.49. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
1. ɂɡ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ?
2. ȼ ɱɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ «Ⱥɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ» ɢ «ɂɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɫ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ»?
3. Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬ?
4. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ, ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ LOGO! 230RCE?

320

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

9.2. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ ONI
9.2.1. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ7 «Ɇɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɣ ɢɡɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶ»
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ȼ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɹ. ɉɨɠɚɪɧɵɣ ɢɡɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ
ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɨ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ. ɑɟɦ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧ
ɨɱɚɝ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɲɚɧɫɨɜ ɩɨɬɭɲɢɬɶ ɩɨɠɚɪ, ɩɨɧɟɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ
ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɧɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɱɚɝɚ
ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɦɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɟ ɢɡɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɢ, ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ,
ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ, ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɣ ɢɡɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶ,
ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ 4 ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ: ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ, ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬ ɨɬ
ɩɥɚɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ, ɋɈ-ɞɚɬɱɢɤ, ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɚɪɧɨɝɨ (CO) ɝɚɡɚ,
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ, ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɢ, ɞɵɦɨɜɨɣ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤ, ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɞɵɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɠɚɪɟ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɱɚɝɚɦ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɛɟɧɡɢɧɚ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɵɦɚ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɨɟ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɢ ɝɨɪɟɧɢɢ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤɚ (ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɤɢ) ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɝɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ. ɉɪɢ
ɝɨɪɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɮɬɟɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɵɦɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ
X1, X2, X3, X4. ɗɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ «0», ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɠɚɪ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ,
ɢ «1», ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɜɨɡɝɨɪɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɪɨɝ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɵɣ ɢɡɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɵɞɚɟɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ «ɉɨɠɚɪ» (ɬ.ɟ. ɜɵɞɚɟɬ ɧɚ
ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ «1») ɩɪɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ, ɬ.ɟ. ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɞɜɟ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ «1». Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɥɨɝɢɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɨɫɬɭ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɠɚɪɚ, ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɢ ɩɨɦɟɯɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɹɪɤɨɦ ɫɨɥɧɟɱɧɨɦ
ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶɫɹ, ɧɨ
ɩɨɠɚɪɚ ɧɟɬ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɩɨɦɟɯɨɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɢɡɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɹ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɬɚɛɥ. 9.3), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ 24 = 16 ɫɬɪɨɤ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 9.3.
ɏ1
ɏ2
ɏ3
ɏ4
Y
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1

321

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1


ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚ Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Multisim
ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ Multisim,
ɜɵɬɚɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɡɧɚɱɨɤ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɞɜɚɠɞɵ ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ
ɩɨ ɧɟɦɭ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ. ȼ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɨɲɤɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɦ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ
ɦɵɲɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ A, B, C, D. ɋɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ. Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɫɬɨɥɛɟɰ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ
ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ 9.3, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.50


Ɋɢɫ. 9.50. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɣ 3 ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.50. ȼ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ
ɨɤɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. 9.50) ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɜ ɛɚɡɢɫɟ ɂ, ɂɅɂ, ɇȿ, ɳɟɥɤɧɟɦ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟ 5.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ Multisim ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.51.
Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ «ɂ», ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɟ 2. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ

322

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ «ɂ» (ɚ ɧɟ «ɂɅɂ»), ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɭɥɟɣ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ
ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.51. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ 4-ɯ ɤɚɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɠɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɹ
ɉɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 9.52.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.52. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 9.53.

323

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.53. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɪɟɥɟ ONI
ɋɬɟɧɞ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɲɤɚɮɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɚɦɩ ɢ ɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɚ. ȼ
ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ONI ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ONI
PLR-S-CPU-1206. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ 6 ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ, 6 ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ 6 ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ 12…24 ȼ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ.
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ ɤ USB-ɪɚɡɴɟɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ-ɚɞɚɩɬɟɪɚ PLR-S-CABLE-USB. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ
ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ, ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɩɰɢɢ Tools > Transfer > PC->PLR.
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ONI PLR Studio ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ «ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ» ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
¾ ɉɨɞɚɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞ.
¾ Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ. ȼɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ
ɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɚ, ɭɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ɋɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ
ɥɚɦɩɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɤɧɨɩɨɤ.
¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ, ɱɟɦ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ, ɧɚɞɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ CH341SER.exe ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ ONI
PLR-S-CPU-1206 ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɱɚɬɶ ɫ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɣɬɚ ONI. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.54.

324

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.54. Ɉɤɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ
ɇɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ INSTALL. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ
ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ Driver install success! ɉɨɞɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ. ɇɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ. Ɉɲɢɛɨɤ ɧɟɬ. ɓɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ
ɦɟɧɸ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ ɜ ɜɵɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ
ɤ PLR… ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.55.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.55. Ɉɤɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ PLR
ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ COM-ɩɨɪɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, COM4, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.55, ɢ ɳɟɥɤɚɟɦ
ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ. ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ. ȼɨ
ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɨɩɰɢɢ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ > Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɨɧɥɚɣɧ

325

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

> Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɜ PLR. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ PLR ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ? ɇɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ Ⱦɚ. ȼ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ (ɪɢɫ.
9.56) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬ 100%, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɨɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.56. ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
1. Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ ONI?
2. ɉɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ: AND, NAND, OR,
NOR, XOR, NOT.
3. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ «ɂ» ɢ ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ «ɂɅɂ»?
4. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ Multisim?
5. Ʉɚɤ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ONI?

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

9.2.2. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ8 «ɋɢɝɧɚɥ SOS»
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ȼ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ SOS.
ɋɢɝɧɚɥ SOS ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ (ɛɭɤɜɚ S), ɬɪɟɯ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɯ
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ (ɛɭɤɜɚ O), ɬɪɟɯ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ (ɛɭɤɜɚ S). Ⱦɚɥɟɟ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɹ, ɰɢɤɥ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɦ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ
ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɚɱɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.57.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.57. ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɚ
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.58.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.58. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ

327

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ:
I001 – ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɯɨɞ;
B001 – ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ;
B002, B003, B004 – ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ;
B005, B006 – ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ;
B007 – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ «ɂɅɂ»;
Q001 – ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ONI PLR-S-CPU-1206. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɟɧɞ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ.
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ONI PLR Studio ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ «ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ» ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
¾ ɉɨɞɚɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞ.
¾ Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ.
(ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɨɩɢɫɚɧ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ʋ7).
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɋɢɝɧɚɥ SOS ɜɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚɦɢ.
ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ.
1. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ?
2. Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ LOGO! Soft Comfort ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ «Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ» ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ONI PLR Studio?
3. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ?
4. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ONI PLR-S-CPU1206?
5. Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɰɢɣ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ
ONI PLR Studio, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ?
6. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ONI PLR-S-CPU1206?

328

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

9.2.3. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ9 «ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚɦɢ»
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɞɜɟ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ 1 ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɨɛɚ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɚ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ 2 ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ, ɬ.ɟ.
ɩɨɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪ. ɉɨɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ
ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɥɢɬɶ ɫɪɨɤ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ.
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.59.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.59. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɨɜ:
I001, I002 – ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ;
B001, B008 – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ «ɂ»;
B002, B005 – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ «ɂɅɂ»;
B003, B005 – ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ;
B004 – ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ;
Q001, Q002 – ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɫɨɛɟɪɟɦ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɢɡ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.60.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.60. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ
ɐɢɮɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ 9.60 ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ:
1. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ YIHUA1502 DD, ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 0…15 ȼ, ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɤ 0…2 Ⱥ, ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɨɬ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ.
2. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢ.
3. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ONI PLR-S-CPU-1206.
4. Ɇɢɧɢ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ 12 ȼ.
5. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ: ONI PLR-SCABLE-USB.
6. Ʉɥɟɦɦɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɨɞɤɚ.
7. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.61.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.61. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ONI PLR Studio ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ «ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ» ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
¾ ɉɨɞɚɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞ.
¾ Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ. (ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ
ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɨɩɢɫɚɧ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ʋ7).
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɦ.
¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.62.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.62. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
1. Ʉɚɤ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɫɟɬɤɭ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ONI PLR Studio?
2. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ?
3. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɯ?
4. Ɉɬɤɭɞɚ ɛɟɪɭɬ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ, ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɤ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɵɦ
ɜɵɯɨɞɚɦ?
5. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɭɸ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ
ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ:
 ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ I001 ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ
Q001,

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

 ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ I002 ɜɵɯɨɞ Q001 ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ,
ɜɵɯɨɞ Q002 ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ,
 ɩɪɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ I001 ɜɵɯɨɞ Q001 ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɰɢɤɥɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q002.
ɂɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɨɬ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦɭ
ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.63.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.63. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

9.3. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɦ Ɉȼȿɇ
9.3.1. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ10 «ɋɜɟɬɨɮɨɪ»
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ȼ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɜɟɬɨɮɨɪɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ OWEN Logic.
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.64. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ
ɰɜɟɬɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ–ɠɟɥɬɵɣ–ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɥɨɝɢɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɨɮɨɪɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.64. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɡɚɝɪɭɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ USB-ɤɚɛɟɥɹ. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.65. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ:
1. ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ iEK ȺȼȾɌ32, ɋ16, 30 ɦȺ.
2. Ⱦɜɭɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɋ10.
3. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɉɊ200-220.2.1.0.
4. ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ MT22-D63.
5. ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ MT22-D64.
6. ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ MT22-D64.
7. Ⱦɜɚ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ. Ʌɟɜɵɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ/ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɫɬɟɧɞɚ. ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɥɸɱɚ, ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ
ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɯɨɞ.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

8. Ʉɥɟɦɦɵ WAGO ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ ɧɚ DIN-ɪɟɣɤɭ.
9. Ƚɢɛɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ S = 0,75 ɦɦ2.
10. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ USB-ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ.
ɉɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ DIN-ɪɟɣɤɟ.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.65. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɪɟɥɟ OWEN
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.66.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.66. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ

334

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ OWEN Logic ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ «ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ» ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
¾ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ USB-ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ.
¾ ɉɨɞɚɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞ.
¾ Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɥɨɝɢɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɜɟɬɨɮɨɪɚ.
¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
 ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɞɪɚɣɜɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɉɊ200.
 ɇɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ COM-ɩɨɪɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɞɢɫɩɟɬɱɟɪɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɜ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɉɨɪɬɵ (COM ɢ LPT) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤ ɤɚɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɪɬɭ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɥɫɹ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɨɪɬ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚɯ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ. Ⱦɥɹ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɫɵɥɤɚɦ ɉɪɢɛɨɪ > ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɨɪɬɚ. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.67.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.67. ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ COM-ɩɨɪɬɚ
ɍɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɵɣ COM-ɩɨɪɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ, ɳɟɥɤɧɭɜ ɩɨ
ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɨɱɤɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɉɨɪɬ.
 ɇɚɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɱɚɫɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɫɵɥɤɚɦ ɉɪɢɛɨɪ > ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ
> ɑɚɫɵ. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.68.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.68. ɇɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɱɚɫɨɜ
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɭ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɨɩɰɢɢ ɋɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ
ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ Ɂɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ.
 ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɣɬɢ ɢɡ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɦɟɧɸ ɉɪɢɛɨɪ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ
Ɂɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ.
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
1. Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ?
2. Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɹɡɵɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ?
3. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ?
4. Ʉɚɤ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɉɊ200?
5. Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɍɁɈ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ?
6. Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ?
7. Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɥɟ, ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ?

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

9.3.2. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ11 «ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ»
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ɐɟɥɶɸ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɜɨɪɱɚɬɵɯ ɝɚɪɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɪɨɬ (ɪɢɫ.
9.69).

Ɋɢɫ. 9.69. Ɉɞɧɨɫɬɜɨɪɱɚɬɵɟ ɝɚɪɚɠɧɵɟ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ
ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɦ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɫɬɟɧɞɟ,
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. ɪɢɫ.9.70.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.70. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɪɟɥɟ OWEN

337

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ:
1. Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ.
2. ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ȼɉ-15Ʉ-21Ⱥ-231-54ɍ2.3.
3. Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɄɆɂ-10910.
4. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ ɉɊ110-220.8ȾɎ.4Ɋ.
5. ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ ȼɉ-15Ʉ-21Ⱥ-231-54ɍ2.3.
6. Ȼɥɨɤ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
7. ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɥɚɦɩɵ.
8. Ʉɧɨɩɤɢ ɧɚ ɞɜɟɪɰɟ ɲɤɚɮɚ.
9. ȼɵɧɨɫɧɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɫɬ.
10. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɵɣ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ȺɂɊ 56Ⱥ4, 0,12 ɤȼɬ, 1350
ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ.
ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɟɺ
ɨɬɥɚɞɤɢ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɷɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ.
ɉɭɬɟɜɵɟ (ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɟ) ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɪɨɬ.
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɡɜɟɧɨɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ
ɪɟɥɟ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɦ. Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɰɟɩɹɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɦɭ ɪɟɥɟ, ɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɬɨɤɢ ɜɵɜɟɞɭɬ ɪɟɥɟ ɢɡ
ɫɬɪɨɹ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɟ ɩɭɫɤɚɬɟɥɢ. ɉɭɫɤɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪ, ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜɚɧ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ,
ɬɚɤɢɦɢ
ɤɚɤ: ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɞɥɹ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ; ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɥɚɛɨɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɰɟɩɹɯ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ; ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɩɭɫɤɚ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɩɭɫɤɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɧɚɛɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɝɨ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɵɜɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɮɚɡ ɬɪɺɯɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɺɯɮɚɡɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɪɟɥɟ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ – ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ, ɜɵɞɚɜɚɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɦ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɥɢɛɨ ɨɬ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɋɬɨɩ, ɥɢɛɨ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɯ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ. ȼɚɥ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ,
ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɸ, ɥɢɛɨ
ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɚɪɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɪɨɬ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɚɥɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɧɨɫɧɵɦ ɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɭɥɶɬɨɦ, ɢɥɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɳɢɬɟ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɩɭɥɶɬɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɳɢɬɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɬɪɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ: ȼɧɢɡ, ɋɬɨɩ,
ȼɜɟɪɯ. Ʉɧɨɩɤɢ ȼɜɟɪɯ ɢ ȼɧɢɡ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɬ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ, ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ. Ⱦɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɋɬɨɩ, ɥɢɛɨ
ɩɭɬɟɜɵɦɢ (ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɦɢ) ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ, ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɯ
ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 9.4.

338

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 9.4
Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ
ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɚɥɚ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪ
ɉɭɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ

ȼɜɟɪɯ
ɉɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ

ȼɧɢɡ
ɉɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ

ɄɆ1
ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ

ɄɆ2
ɇɢɠɧɢɣ

Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɦ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɪɚɠɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɪɨɬɚɦɢ.
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɥɨɝɢɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɚɪɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɪɨɬ.
ȼɜɟɞɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ:
I1 (Ⱥ) – ɤɧɨɩɤɚ I1. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɥɟɜɨ
(ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ).
I2 (ȼ) – ɤɧɨɩɤɚ I2. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɩɪɚɜɨ
(ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ).
I3 (ɋ) – ɥɟɜɵɣ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ
ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ (ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵ).
I4 (D) – ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɩɭɬɟɜɨɣ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ
ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ (ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵ).
I5 (E) – ɤɧɨɩɤɚ ɋɬɨɩ. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ
ɨɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ.
Q1 – ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ (ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ).
Q2 – ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ (ɜɨɪɨɬɚ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ).
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ (ɬɚɛɥ. 9.5)
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 9.5
I1 (A)
I2 (B)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

I3 (C)
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1

I4 (D)
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1

339

I5 (E)
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0

Q1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Q2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ Multisim. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ.
9.71 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q1. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Multisim ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ Q2. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ.
ɉɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɞɥɹ Q1 ɢ Q2 ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ
ܳͳ ൌ ‫ ܣ‬ή ‫ܤ‬ᇱ ή ‫ ܥ‬ᇱ ή ‫ ܧ‬ᇱ
ܳʹ ൌ ‫ܣ‬ᇱ ή ‫ ܤ‬ή ‫ ܦ‬ᇱ ή ‫ ܧ‬ᇱ
ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɲɬɪɢɯ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɟ.
Ⱦɨɛɚɜɢɦ ɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ Q3, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɢɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɦ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.72.

340

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.71. Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Multisim

Ɋɢɫ. 9.72. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ

341

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
¾ ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɜ OWEN Logic ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ.
¾ Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
¾ ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 9.7.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 9.6
Ɋɟɠɢɦ 1
Ɋɟɠɢɦ 2
Ɋɟɠɢɦ 3

Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɵɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ.
Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɧɚ ɳɢɬɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ɂɚɩɭɫɤ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɵɧɨɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɧɨɩɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɥɶɬɚ. Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɯ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɟɣ.

ɫ
ɫ
ɫ
ɫ

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪ?
ɑɟɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɭɫɤɚɬɟɥɶ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪɚ?
ɉɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ
ɉɊ110?

342

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

9.3.3. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ12 «Ɉɯɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɂɄ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ»
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ȼ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ
ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 9.73.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.73. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ȼ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ:
AND – Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ «ɂ».
TP – ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
BLINK – Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.74. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɤɟɬɚ

343

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞɨ ɫɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɚɤɟɬɧɵɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ
ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.74.
ɐɢɮɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ 9.74 ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ:
1. ɂɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ST12.
2. Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬ iEK ȺȼȾɌ32Ɇ.
3. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ (ɤɥɸɱ).
4. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ OWEN ɉɊ200-220.2.1.0.
5. Ʌɚɦɩɚ 220 ȼ, 40 ȼɬ.
6. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ USB-ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ.
7. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɂɄ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 9.7.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 9.7
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ
Technolight ST12
ɉɢɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
~220…240 ȼ / 50 Ƚɰ
Ⱦɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
ɞɨ 12 ɦ
ɍɝɨɥ ɨɛɡɨɪɚ
140…180° (ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ)
Ɉɫɜɟɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
3…2000 ɥɸɤɫ (ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ)
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ
10 ɫ / 12 ɦɢɧ (ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ)
ɞɟɬɟɤɬɨɪɚ
Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ
ɞɨ 1200 ȼɬ
ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
1.8…2,5 ɦ
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ
0,6…1,5 ɦ/ɫ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ
-20…+40°ɋ
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ
IP44
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.75.
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ OWEN Logic ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ «ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ» ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
¾ ɉɨɞɚɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞ.
¾ Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ. ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ OWEN ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ «ɋɜɟɬɨɮɨɪ».
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɦɢɝɚɬɶ
ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ.
¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.75. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɤɟɬɚ ɫ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 9.76.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.76. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

345

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
1. Ʉɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɮɚɡɧɵɣ ɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɤɟ?
2. Ʉɭɞɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ Brown, Blue, Red ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ
ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ?
3. ɂɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ?
4. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ?
5. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ
ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɦ (ɝɟɪɤɨɧɨɜɵɦ) ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ.

346

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

9.3.4. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ13 «Ɉɯɪɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɢ
ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ»
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ȼ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ
ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɣɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɡɚ ɧɟɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɝɪɚɞɚɦɢ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ (ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɦɢɥɥɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ). Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.77.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.77. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ȼ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ:
TON – Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.
AND – Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ «ɂ».
OR – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ «ɂɅɂ».
TP – ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
BLINK – Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ.
ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɛɪɚɬɶ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɫ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ
ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.78.
Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ
ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 9.8.

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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 9.8
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ
Ɋɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ
ɍɝɨɥ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɋɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ min/max
Ɋɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ
ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ
ȼɵɫɨɬɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɵ Ⱦɯɒɯȼ
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ

Feron SEN40
~230 ȼ / 50 Ƚɰ
360°
1…8 ɦ (ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ)
10 ɫ / 12 ɦɢɧ
ɞɨ 1200 ȼɬ
5,8 ȽȽɰ
0,2 ɦȼɬ
1,5…3,5 ɦ
0,6…1,5 ɦ/ɫ
-20…+40°ɋ
42ɯ81ɯ44 ɦɦ
IP20

Ɋɢɫ. 9.78. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɫ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚɦɢ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ OWEN Logic ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ «ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ» ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
¾ ɉɨɞɚɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞ.

348

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

¾ Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ. ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ
ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ «ɋɜɟɬɨɮɨɪ».
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɡɚɝɨɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ.
¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 9.79.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.79. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ
Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ
1. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ
ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɦ?
2. Ɇɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ?

349

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

3. ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ
ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ.
4. ɇɚ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ?
5. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ, ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɣ, ɥɟɝɱɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɬɶ ɫ
ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɢɟɦɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɡɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ?
6. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɞɚɬɱɢɤ, ɢɧɮɪɚɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɣ, ɥɭɱɲɟ ɡɚɳɢɳɺɧ ɨɬ ɜɥɚɝɢ
ɢ ɩɵɥɢ (ɞɥɹ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ)?
(ɉɨɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ. ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɞɚɬɱɢɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ
IP).

350
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ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

9.3.5. Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ14 «ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɭ ɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ
ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ»
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ȼ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɤ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɭ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɜ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɢɥɨɜɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪ.
Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.80.

Ɋɢɫ. 9.80. Ʉɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ
ȼ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ:
TOF – Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ.
BLINK – Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ.
AND – «ɂ».
NOT – «ɇȿ».
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.81.
ɐɢɮɪɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ 9.81 ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ:
1. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ P2XR520, 12 ȼ, 300 ȼɬ, 2500 ɨɛ/ɦɢɧ.
2. ȼɵɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɶ (ɤɥɸɱ).
3. Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪ ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɵɣ iEK ɄɆ 25-40.
4. ɋɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɚɦɩɚ 220 ȼ, 40 ȼɬ.
5. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ – ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ USB-cable.
6. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ OWEN ɉɊ200-220.2.1.0.
7. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ 12 ȼ (ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɹ).
8. Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬ iEK ȺȼȾɌ32Ɇ.
9. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ.

351

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.81. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 9.82.

352

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ɋɢɫ. 9.82. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ OWEN Logic ɢ ɫɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ «ɗɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ» ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ.
¾ ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɬɟɧɞ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
¾ ɉɨɞɚɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɧɞ.
¾ Ɂɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ.
¾ Ɂɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.
¾ ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɟɧɞɚ.

353

ʧ̣̌̏̌9.ʸ̨̨̨̬̯̬̦̼̖̬̯̼̌̍̌̌̍

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ
1. ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɫɢɥɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɭ?
2. ɑɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ «ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɡɜɹɡɤɚ» ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ?
3. Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ?
4. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪ ɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ?
5. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ
ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬ?
6. ɑɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɥɚɦɩɭ EL1 ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ Q5
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ?
7. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɤɥɸɱɚɦɢ S1ɢ S2. ɉɪɢ
ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɥɸɱɚ S1ɜɚɥ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ,
ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɥɸɱɚ S2 ɜɚɥ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ
ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ, ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ S1ɢ S2 ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ.

354



Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
1. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ȼ.ɇ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ. – Ɇ.: ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2017.
2. Ʉɚɪɬɚɲɨɜ Ȼ.Ⱥ., ɒɚɛɚɟɜ ȿ.Ⱥ., Ʉɨɡɥɨɜ Ɉ.ɋ., ɓɟɤɚɬɭɪɨɜ Ⱥ.Ɇ. ɋɪɟɞɚ
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ SimInTech: ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ
ɩɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. – Ɇ.: ȾɆɄ
ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2017.
3. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɝɨɪɰɟɜ ɂ.Ʌ., ɋɟɧɢɝɨɜ ɉ.ɇ. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ
ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ. Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ. –
ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ: ɂɉɐ «ɍɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ», 2007.
4. ɉɟɬɪɨɜ ɂ.ȼ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ
ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. – Ɇ.: ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2010.
5. ɒɢɲɦɚɪɟɜ ȼ.ɘ. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɚ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, 2019.
ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ – ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ.
6. Ƚɚɣɧɭɬɞɢɧɨɜ Ʉ.Ɋ. ɉɪɨɫɬɨɟ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ CoDeSys (3
ɱɚɫɬɢ), 2012.
7. LOGO! Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ 06/2014, A5E33039675 (ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɨ ɤ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɫɟɪɢɣ LOGO! 0BA8).
8. www.siemens.ru/logo/ – Ɇɨɞɭɥɢ LOGO!
9. https://cache.industry.siemens.com/dl/dlmedia/659/109750659/att_931307/v1/logo/basic/menu.html?mode=standalone/ –
Ȼɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ LOGO!
10. https://w3.siemens.ru/about_us/businesses/dfpd/products/ –ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ Siemens.
11. https://w3.siemens.com/mcms/programmable-logic-controller/en/logic-modulelogo/demo-software/pages/default.aspx–ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ LOGO!Soft
Comfort.
12. www.oni-system.com/ – Ɉɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɚɣɬ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ IEK Group.
13. www.oni-system.com/ – Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɌɆ ONI: ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ONI PLR Studio.
14. www.iek.ru/ – ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɥɟ ONI PLR-S. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ
ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ.
15. www.owen.ru/ – Ɉɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɚɣɬ
ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ Ɉȼȿɇ.
16. https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2EcVEe6E9SCZ_pruKV980b7CfmZTe
hYe – ȼɢɞɟɨɤɭɪɫ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɥɟ Ɉȼȿɇ ɜ Owen
Logic.
17. http://electrik.info/ebooks/1065-videokurs-po-rabote-s-oven-plk110-v-sredecodesys.html – ȼɢɞɟɨɤɭɪɫ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ Ɉȼȿɇ ɜ
Codesys.

355



ȼɢɤɬɨɪ ɇɢɤɢɬɨɜɢɱ ɂɜɚɧɨɜ

ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ
Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ: ȼ. Ɇɢɬɢɧ
ȼɟɪɫɬɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɥɨɠɤɚ: ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ
ɉɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ:
ɈɈɈ «ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ»
123001, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɚ/ɹ 82
Ɍɟɥɟɮɨɧɵ: (495) 617-39-64, (495) 617-39-65
E-mail: kniga@solon-press.ru, www.solon-press.ru
Ɉɩɬɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɤɭɩɤɢ
ɈɈɈ ɄɌɄ «Ƚɚɥɚɤɬɢɤɚ»
115487, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ, ɩɪɨɫɩɟɤɬ Ⱥɧɞɪɨɩɨɜɚ, ɞ. 38
Ɍɟɥɟɮɨɧɵ: (499) 782-38-89
E-mail: books@alians-kniga.ru, http://www.alians-kniga.ru
Ɂɚɜɨɞ 1 — 100

ɉɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɤɢ ɧɚ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ «Ɋɟɦɨɧɬ & ɋɟɪɜɢɫ» ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ:
ɈɈɈ «ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ»
ɬɟɥ.: (495) 617-39-64,
www.remserv.ru
ɈɈɈ «ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ»
115487, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,
ɩɪ-ɤɬ Ⱥɧɞɪɨɩɨɜɚ, ɞɨɦ 38, ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ʋ 8, ɤɨɦɧɚɬɚ ʋ 2.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ 70×100/16. Ɉɛɴɟɦ 22,25 ɩ. ɥ. Ɍɢɪɚɠ 1000 ɷɤɡ.


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